de Oliveira Silva Hugo Vinícius, de Sá Karina Santos Guedes, Gorla José Irineu, Costa E Silva Anselmo Athayde, Bertoncello Dernival
Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro.
Brazilian Paralympics Academy, Academia Paralímpica Brasileira.
PLoS One. 2025 Feb 6;20(2):e0317495. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0317495. eCollection 2025.
Athletes are stratified into classes that range from 1.0 to 4.5 points subdivided at intervals of 0.5 points in the Wheelchair Basketball (WCB) modality. The discussion regarding the non-utilization of quantitative data based on functional classification (FC) in WCB has become considerably important for research due to its impact on athletes' careers. The aim of this systematic review was to verify the kinematic patterns of the free throw performed by WCB athletes of distinct FC. After researching four online databases, only 7 out of 68 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. High-class players (classes 3.0 - 4.5) presented a throw pattern, with a greater angle on the shoulder joint, on the angular speed of the wrist, and the height of the ball throw; low-class athletes (classes 1.0 - 2.5) exhibited a pushing pattern, with greater speed and throw angles, greater angular speed at the shoulder and elbow joints. Thus, inter-individual differences allow for the stratification of players into distinct classes and serve as relevant tools for increasing accuracy and performance despite different disabilities. Further studies are necessary to explore the associated patterns for each FC.
在轮椅篮球（WCB）项目中，运动员被分为1.0至4.5分的不同级别，以0.5分的间隔细分。由于其对运动员职业生涯的影响，关于WCB中基于功能分级（FC）的定量数据未被利用的讨论对研究变得相当重要。本系统评价的目的是验证不同FC的WCB运动员罚球的运动学模式。在对四个在线数据库进行检索后，68项研究中只有7项符合纳入标准。高级别运动员（3.0 - 4.5级）呈现出一种投篮模式，肩关节角度更大，手腕角速度更快，球的出手高度更高；低级别运动员（1.0 - 2.5级）表现出一种推球模式，速度和出手角度更大，肩关节和肘关节的角速度更大。因此，个体差异使得运动员能够被分为不同级别，并且尽管存在不同残疾，这些差异仍是提高准确性和表现的相关工具。需要进一步研究来探索每个FC的相关模式。
