Vencúrik Tomas, Knjaz Damir, Rupčić Tomislav, Sporiš Goran, Li Feng
Department of Sports, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
Laboratory for Sports Games, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 22;18(3):934. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18030934.
Basketball shooting is one of the most important offensive skills in basketball. Winning or losing a game mostly depends on the shooting effectiveness. The study aims to compare the selected kinematic variables of 2-point (2-pt) and 3-point (3-pt) jump shots (after making a cut and receiving the ball) and ascertain the differences between elite male under 16 and 18 (U16M, U18M) and female under 16 and 18 (U16F, U18F) basketball players. Overall, forty-eight young male and female basketball players participated in the study. 3D motion analysis using an inertial suit with the addition of utilizing a smart ball was performed for assessing the 2-pt and 3-pt shooting techniques. Players in male categories shot for 2-pt with a higher center of mass difference in the vertical direction (U16M 5.7 cm, U18M 3.9 cm vs. U16F 1.4 cm, U18F 0.6 cm), with higher release shoulder angle (U16M 110.9, U18M 113.8 vs. U16F 103, U18F 105), and with a higher entry angle of the ball (U16M 34, U18M 32 vs. U16F 30, U18F 30) when compared to female categories ( < 0.001). In the 3-pt shooting, there were differences between male and female categories in the shoulder angle when releasing the ball ( < 0.001). In the players shooting speed, there were differences between U16M vs. U18F (0.95 ± 0.1 vs. 0.88 ± 0.1; = 0.03) and U16F vs. U18F (0.96 ± 0.06 vs. 0.88 ± 0.1; = 0.02) players. Male categories shot 3-pt shots with a smaller center of mass difference in the horizontal direction when compared to 2-pt shots ( < 0.001). The entry angle was higher in successful shooting attempts compared to unsuccessful shooting attempts when shooting for 3-pt ( = 0.02). Player shooting speed was higher in all categories (except U18F) when shooting for 3-pt ( < 0.001). It appears that performers show difference in kinematic variables based on distance from the basket. Basketball coaches and players should work to minimize the kinematic differences between 2-pt and 3-pt shooting and to optimize the shooting technique.
篮球投篮是篮球运动中最重要的进攻技术之一。比赛的胜负很大程度上取决于投篮效率。本研究旨在比较2分跳投和3分跳投（切入接球后）的选定运动学变量，并确定16岁以下和18岁以下的精英男性（U16M、U18M）和女性（U16F、U18F）篮球运动员之间的差异。总体而言，48名年轻男女篮球运动员参与了该研究。使用惯性套装并辅以智能球进行3D运动分析，以评估2分和3分投篮技术。男性组球员在进行2分投篮时，垂直方向上的质心差更大（U16M为5.7厘米，U18M为3.9厘米，而U16F为1.4厘米，U18F为0.6厘米），出手时肩部角度更大（U16M为110.9，U18M为113.8，而U16F为103，U18F为105），球的入射角也更大（U16M为34，U18M为32，而U16F为30，U18F为30），与女性组相比差异显著（<0.001）。在3分投篮中，男女组在球出手时的肩部角度存在差异（<0.001）。在球员投篮速度方面，U16M与U18F（0.95±0.1对0.88±0.1；P=0.03）以及U16F与U18F（0.96±0.06对0.88±0.1；P=0.02）之间存在差异。与2分投篮相比，男性组进行3分投篮时水平方向上的质心差更小（<0.001）。在进行3分投篮时，成功投篮尝试的入射角高于未成功投篮尝试（P=0.02）。除U18F外，所有组在进行3分投篮时球员的投篮速度更高（<0.001）。似乎运动员在基于与篮筐的距离的运动学变量上存在差异。篮球教练和球员应努力减少2分和3分投篮之间的运动学差异，并优化投篮技术。
