Kulkarni Durga, Lee Bohee, Ismail Nabihah Farhana, Rahman Ahmed Ehsanur, Spinardi Julia, Kyaw Moe H, Nair Harish
Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.
J Glob Health. 2025 Feb 7;15:04032. doi: 10.7189/jogh.15.04032.
Our previous systematic review estimated the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections as 1.16% (95% CI = 1.01-1.33%) during the pre-Omicron period. The Omicron variant that emerged in November 2021 was significantly genetically distinct from the previous SARS-CoV-2 variants and thus, more transmissible and posed an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in the population. We, therefore, conducted a fresh systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection burden during the Omicron period.
We searched CINAHL, Medline, Global Health, Embase, and WHO COVID-19 in October 2023 for studies reporting the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection incidence during the Omicron period. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the incidence, and requirement of hospitalisation of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections. Symptomatic severity of reinfections and case fatality rates were analysed narratively.
Thirty-six studies were included. The reinfection cumulative incidence during the Omicron period was 3.35% (95% CI = 1.95-5.72%) based on data from 28 studies. The cumulative incidence was higher in 18-59-year-old adults (6.62% (95% CI = 3.22-13.12%)) compared to other age groups and in health care workers (9.88% (95% CI = 5.18-18.03%)) compared to the general population (2.48% (95% CI = 1.34-4.54%)). We estimated about 1.81% (95% CI = 0.18-15.87%) of the reinfected cases required hospitalisation based on limited and highly variable data.
There was an increased risk of reinfections during the Omicron period compared to the pre-Omicron period. The incidence was higher in 18-59-year-old adults and health care workers and generally less severe during the Omicron period. However, data were limited on disease severity and long-term outcomes.
PROSPERO: CRD42023482598.
我们之前的系统评价估计，在奥密克戎毒株出现之前的时期，SARS-CoV-2再次感染的累积发病率为1.16%（95%置信区间=1.01-1.33%）。2021年11月出现的奥密克戎变异株在基因上与之前的SARS-CoV-2变异株有显著差异，因此传播性更强，且增加了人群中SARS-CoV-2再次感染的风险。因此，我们进行了一项新的系统评价和荟萃分析，以估计奥密克戎毒株流行期间SARS-CoV-2再次感染的负担。
我们于2023年10月在CINAHL、Medline、Global Health、Embase和世界卫生组织COVID-19数据库中检索报告奥密克戎毒株流行期间SARS-CoV-2再次感染发病率的研究。使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所的清单评估纳入研究的质量。进行随机效应荟萃分析以估计SARS-CoV-2再次感染的发病率和住院需求。对再次感染的症状严重程度和病死率进行叙述性分析。
纳入36项研究。根据28项研究的数据，奥密克戎毒株流行期间再次感染的累积发病率为3.35%（95%置信区间=1.95-5.72%）。与其他年龄组相比，18至59岁成年人的累积发病率更高（6.62%（95%置信区间=3.22-13.12%）），与普通人群（2.48%（95%置信区间=1.34-4.54%））相比，医护人员的累积发病率更高（9.88%（95%置信区间=5.18-18.03%））。根据有限且高度可变的数据，我们估计约1.81%（95%置信区间=0.18-15.87%）的再次感染病例需要住院治疗。
与奥密克戎毒株出现之前的时期相比，奥密克戎毒株流行期间再次感染的风险增加。18至59岁成年人和医护人员的发病率更高，且在奥密克戎毒株流行期间病情通常不太严重。然而，关于疾病严重程度和长期结局的数据有限。
PROSPERO：CRD42023482598
