Salzillo Cecilia, Cazzato Gerardo, Serio Gabriella, Marzullo Andrea
Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Pathology Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121, Bari, Italy.
Department of Experimental Medicine, PhD Course in Public Health, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Luciano Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy.
Curr Oncol Rep. 2025 Mar;27(3):211-224. doi: 10.1007/s11912-025-01644-8. Epub 2025 Feb 7.
Pediatric renal tumors comprise a wide range of conditions, both malignant and benign, that affect children and require a multidisciplinary approach for optimal diagnosis and treatment. This review offers an in-depth analysis of the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment options, outcomes, and survival of major pediatric renal tumors.
Wilms tumor, or nephroblastoma, is the most common form of renal tumor in children, characterized by growth from primitive renal cells. Standard treatment involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and, in some cases, radiation therapy, with the aim of removing the tumor, preventing recurrence and maximizing the chances of long-term recovery. Less common pediatric renal tumors, such as renal clear cell sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, mesoblastic nephroma, and malignant rhabdoid tumor, require similarly careful and individualized management. Therapeutic strategies, which depend on the characteristics of the tumor, the stage of the disease and the individual response to therapy, may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and, in some cases, molecular targeted therapies, immunotherapies and genetic and epigenetic therapies. The management of pediatric kidney tumors requires the involvement of a multidisciplinary team of specialists to ensure accurate evaluation, optimal treatments and long-term follow-up. The aim is to maximize the prospects for recovery and improve the quality of life of patients and their families. Advances in innovative, personalized therapies represent an important opportunity to further improve clinical outcomes in these patients.
小儿肾肿瘤包括多种情况，有恶性的也有良性的，会影响儿童，需要多学科方法来进行最佳诊断和治疗。本综述对主要小儿肾肿瘤的流行病学、诊断、治疗选择、治疗结果及生存率进行了深入分析。
肾母细胞瘤是儿童最常见的肾肿瘤形式，其特征是由原始肾细胞生长而来。标准治疗包括手术、化疗，某些情况下还包括放疗，目的是切除肿瘤、预防复发并最大化长期康复的机会。较罕见的小儿肾肿瘤，如肾透明细胞肉瘤、肾细胞癌、中胚叶肾瘤和恶性横纹肌样瘤，同样需要谨慎且个体化的管理。治疗策略取决于肿瘤特征、疾病分期以及个体对治疗的反应，可能包括手术、化疗、放疗，某些情况下还包括分子靶向治疗、免疫治疗以及基因和表观遗传治疗。小儿肾肿瘤的管理需要多学科专家团队的参与，以确保准确评估、最佳治疗及长期随访。目的是最大化康复前景，提高患者及其家庭的生活质量。创新的个性化治疗进展为进一步改善这些患者的临床结果提供了重要契机。
