Peng Feng-Jiao, Li Sen, You Wen-Dan, Wang Xin-Yu, Feng Xing-Jun, Yang Bin, Ying Guang-Guo
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Guangdong Yuehai Water Inspection Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518020, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2025 Feb 25;966:178766. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178766. Epub 2025 Feb 8.
Textile effluents are important sources of pollutants in aquatic environments. The textile industry in China has been relocating from developed to less developed regions, yet the potential environmental impact of textile effluents remains unclear. Here, we investigated the acute toxicity of wastewater collected from different processing units of two textile wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in a large industrial park in Guangxi province (Southwest China), using whole effluent toxicity testing. Moreover, we explored the relationships between the toxicity of wastewater and its characteristics, including physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, fluorescence intensity, and non-persistent and persistent organic pollutants. Untreated textile effluents were highly toxic to all test organisms, with toxic units reaching 42.9 for lux-modified bacteria, 14.0 for green algae, 10.1 for duckweed, and 17.3 for zebrafish embryos. Their toxicity was reduced significantly but not removed completely, following treatment processes that included coagulation, anaerobic-aerobic process, Fenton oxidation process, chlorine disinfection and wetland treatment systems. In the wetland effluent, both toxicity and physicochemical parameters met the textile effluent discharge standards in China and other countries. The toxicity of wastewater was associated with various characteristics, such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), fluorescence intensity related to fulvic acid-like materials, 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol A, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, perfluorobutane sulfonic acid, and acenaphthene. These results suggest the effectiveness of the investigated WWTPs in treating textile effluents concerning both physicochemical parameters and acute toxicity. The present study highlights the importance of integrating ecotoxicological data alongside chemical data to enhance the risk assessment and evaluation of the environmental safety of effluent discharges.
纺织废水是水生环境中重要的污染物来源。中国的纺织业一直在从发达地区向欠发达地区转移，但纺织废水对环境的潜在影响仍不明确。在此，我们采用全废水毒性测试方法，对中国西南部广西壮族自治区一个大型工业园区内两家纺织污水处理厂（WWTPs）不同处理单元收集的废水的急性毒性进行了调查。此外，我们还探讨了废水毒性与其特性之间的关系，这些特性包括物理化学参数、重金属、荧光强度以及非持久性和持久性有机污染物。未经处理的纺织废水对所有受试生物都具有高毒性，发光改良细菌的毒性单位达到42.9，绿藻为14.0，浮萍为10.1，斑马鱼胚胎为17.3。经过包括混凝、厌氧 - 好氧工艺、芬顿氧化工艺、氯消毒和湿地处理系统在内的处理过程后，其毒性显著降低，但并未完全消除。湿地出水的毒性和物理化学参数均符合中国和其他国家的纺织废水排放标准。废水的毒性与多种特性相关，如化学需氧量（COD）、与类富里酸物质相关的荧光强度、4 - 壬基酚、双酚A、邻苯二甲酸二（2 - 乙基己基）酯、全氟丁烷磺酸和苊。这些结果表明，所研究的污水处理厂在处理纺织废水的物理化学参数和急性毒性方面是有效的。本研究强调了将生态毒理学数据与化学数据相结合以加强对废水排放环境安全性的风险评估和评价的重要性。
