运动与运动恢复中的干针疗法：一项带有证据缺口图的系统评价
Dry Needling in Sports and Sport Recovery: A Systematic Review with an Evidence Gap Map.
作者信息
Kużdżał Adrian, Trybulski Robert, Muracki Jarosław, Klich Sebastian, Clemente Filipe Manuel, Kawczyński Adam
机构信息
Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences and Psychology, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzeszów, Rejtana Street 16C, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland.
Department of Medical Sciences, The Wojciech Korfanty School of Economics, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.
出版信息
Sports Med. 2025 Apr;55(4):811-844. doi: 10.1007/s40279-025-02175-9. Epub 2025 Feb 10.
BACKGROUND
Dry needling is an increasingly popular technique used in sports and regenerative medicine contexts. However, there is no comprehensive overview of investigations of dry needling in sports and sport recovery.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives were to perform a systematic review of dry needling in sports athletes with an evidence gap map, to identify current gaps in the literature, and to provide stakeholders with direction for future research.
METHODS
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines were followed. Studies on healthy and injured athletes receiving dry needling were included. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched, data were synthesized narratively, key data were summarized quantitatively, and an evidence gap map was created.
RESULTS
The authors incorporated 24 studies into the current study, encompassing 580 athletes, predominantly involving talent/developmental and highly trained/national-level athletes across 13 sports. Most studies used passive or placebo controls, with 37.5% incorporating active controls. Interventions focused mainly on the lower limbs (58.3%). Around 69% of studies reported pain perception outcomes, while six examined muscular strength, activity, and range of motion. While results varied, dry needling generally showed a more positive effect on pain than on athletic performance.
CONCLUSIONS
Dry needling studies seem to describe general effectiveness and safety for reducing pain and muscle stiffness in a wide variety of body regions. However, further research is needed on underrepresented populations such as elite, world-class, and Paralympic athletes, as well as expanding investigations into long-term effects and a broader range of muscle groups, particularly the hamstrings. The results may be valuable for medical professionals, sports medicine specialists, and researchers.
REGISTRATION
OSF project no.: osf.io osf.io/h3yeq.
背景
干针疗法是一种在运动医学和再生医学领域越来越受欢迎的技术。然而，目前尚无对运动及运动恢复中干针疗法研究的全面综述。
目的
本研究旨在通过证据缺口图对运动运动员干针疗法进行系统评价，识别当前文献中的缺口，并为利益相关者提供未来研究方向。
方法
遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）2020指南。纳入了关于接受干针疗法的健康和受伤运动员的研究。检索了三个数据库（PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science），对数据进行叙述性综合，对关键数据进行定量总结，并绘制了证据缺口图。
结果
作者将24项研究纳入本研究，涉及580名运动员，主要包括13个运动项目中的有天赋/处于发展阶段以及训练有素/国家级水平的运动员。大多数研究使用了被动或安慰剂对照，37.5%的研究纳入了主动对照。干预主要集中在下肢（58.3%）。约69%的研究报告了疼痛感知结果，而六项研究考察了肌肉力量、活动能力和关节活动范围。虽然结果各不相同，但干针疗法总体上对疼痛的改善效果比对运动表现的改善效果更明显。
结论
干针疗法研究似乎表明，其在减轻多种身体部位的疼痛和肌肉僵硬方面具有普遍有效性和安全性。然而，对于精英、世界级和残奥会运动员等代表性不足的人群，以及扩大对长期影响和更广泛肌肉群（尤其是腘绳肌）的研究仍需要进一步开展。这些结果可能对医学专业人员、运动医学专家和研究人员有价值。
注册信息
OSF项目编号：osf.io osf.io/h3yeq 。
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