Knipping Karen, Böhme Juliane, Goossens Dominique, van Lee Linde, van der Zee Lucie
Ausnutria B.V. Zwolle The Netherlands.
Department of Human Nutrition Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands.
Health Sci Rep. 2025 Feb 10;8(2):e70448. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.70448. eCollection 2025 Feb.
Infants often experience gastro-intestinal (GI) symptoms whereby their nutrition might play a role in the occurrence of these symptoms. Evidence suggests that consuming goat milk-based infant formula (GMF) may provide relief. Therefore, a study was performed to assess the prevalence of GI symptoms in infants and the role of GMF.
From June 2021 until November 2022, a cross-sectional observational survey was conducted in Brazil, Mexico, Russia, and The Netherlands by recruiting parents/legal guardians through social media. GI symptoms after introduction of GMF were questioned using the validated Cow's Milk-Related Symptom Score (CoMiSS; scoring 0-33), lower scores indicate fewer symptoms. Occurrence of crying, gassiness, eczema, respiratory symptoms and stool consistency were asked retrospectively before and ≥ 14 days after introduction of GMF.
The study population ( = 425) of GMF-consumers mostly consisted of 0-6 months-old infants with a median age of 5 months. Overall, CoMiSS was low among GMF-consumers (median 1.00, IQR 4.00, range 0-14) of which 89% had CoMiSS ≤ 6 ( = 317), indicating (severity of) symptoms commonly present in healthy infants. After introduction of GMF, the majority of infants had lower symptom scores of gassiness (87%, = 128), skin symptoms (78%, = 32), watery stools/diarrhea (80%, = 32) or hard stools/constipation (84%, = 57), and crying (87%, = 122). The CoMiSS in GMF-consumers was significantly lower, meaning fewer symptoms, compared to GMF-non-consumers ( = < 0.001). CoMiSS was similar among categories of age, sex, and country of residence.
This sample of infants fed GMF showed a low prevalence of GI symptoms and parents reported lower prevalence of GI symptoms after introduction of GMF based on retrospectively questionnaires. CoMiSS in GMF-consumers was significantly lower when compared to GMF-non-consumers. These results give indications of a potential benefit of GMF in managing GI symptoms in infants. Clinicaltrial. gov identifier NCT06755424.
婴儿经常出现胃肠道（GI）症状，其营养状况可能在这些症状的发生中起作用。有证据表明，食用以山羊奶为基础的婴儿配方奶粉（GMF）可能会缓解症状。因此，开展了一项研究以评估婴儿胃肠道症状的患病率以及GMF的作用。
2021年6月至2022年11月，在巴西、墨西哥、俄罗斯和荷兰通过社交媒体招募父母/法定监护人进行了一项横断面观察性调查。使用经过验证的与牛奶相关的症状评分（CoMiSS；评分0 - 33）询问引入GMF后的胃肠道症状，分数越低表明症状越少。回顾性询问引入GMF前及引入后≥14天的哭闹、肠胃气胀、湿疹、呼吸道症状和大便性状情况。
食用GMF的研究人群（n = 425）主要由0至6个月大的婴儿组成，中位年龄为5个月。总体而言，食用GMF的人群中CoMiSS较低（中位数1.00，四分位距4.00，范围0 - 14），其中89%的CoMiSS≤6（n = 317），表明健康婴儿中常见的（症状严重程度）症状。引入GMF后，大多数婴儿的肠胃气胀（87%，n = 128）、皮肤症状（78%，n = 32）、水样便/腹泻（80%，n = 32）或硬便/便秘（84%，n = 57）以及哭闹（87%，n = 122）的症状评分较低。与未食用GMF的人群相比，食用GMF的人群中CoMiSS显著更低，即症状更少（p = < 0.001）。CoMiSS在年龄、性别和居住国家类别之间相似。
以该样本食用GMF的婴儿为例，胃肠道症状患病率较低，且父母根据回顾性问卷报告引入GMF后胃肠道症状患病率较低。与未食用GMF的人群相比，食用GMF的人群中CoMiSS显著更低。这些结果表明GMF在管理婴儿胃肠道症状方面可能具有益处。Clinicaltrial.gov标识符：NCT06755424。
