Oliveira Eliete Costa, França Ana Karina Teixeira da Cunha, Conceição Sueli Ismael Oliveira da, Silveira Victor Nogueira da Cruz, Bragança Maylla Luanna Barbosa Martins, Santos Alcione Miranda Dos
Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Graduate Program in Public Health, Biological and Health Sciences Center - São Luis (MA), Brazil.
Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences - São Luis (MA), Brazil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2025 Jan 31;28:e250001. doi: 10.1590/1980-549720250001. eCollection 2025.
To select indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that determine child malnutrition (CM) in Brazil and to monitor the achievement of SDG targets by region in 2022.
This is a cross-sectional, ecological study that used the Brazilian Sustainable Development indices and analyzed the 100 SDG monitoring indicators in the 5,570 Brazilian municipalities. A decision tree was created and sensitivity analysis was performed to predict CM determinants. Data were analyzed using the χ2 test at 5% significance level. Descriptive analyses and the decision tree were carried out using the R software.
The CM determinants according to percentage, most affected regions of the country, and impact order were: illiteracy in the population aged ≥15 years (Northeast), insufficient prenatal care (North), low birth weight (South), young women aged 15-24 years who neither study nor work (North and Northeast), and employed population aged 10-17 years (South). We observed an individual and cumulative effect on the CM prevalence, ranging from 1.73 to 15.1%, in Brazilian municipalities according to the occurrence and overlap of these indicators.
The results denote that Brazil will not achieve the intended reduction of CM by 2025. There must be substantial investments in education and health mainly aimed at the maternal and child population and especially in the North and Northeast regions.
选择决定巴西儿童营养不良（CM）情况的可持续发展目标（SDG）指标，并监测2022年各地区可持续发展目标指标的达成情况。
这是一项横断面生态研究，利用巴西可持续发展指数，分析了巴西5570个市的100个可持续发展目标监测指标。构建了决策树并进行敏感性分析，以预测儿童营养不良的决定因素。采用χ2检验对数据进行分析，显著性水平为5%。使用R软件进行描述性分析和构建决策树。
按百分比、该国受影响最严重的地区以及影响顺序排列，儿童营养不良的决定因素依次为：≥15岁人口的文盲率（东北部）、产前护理不足（北部）、低出生体重（南部）、既不学习也不工作的15 - 24岁年轻女性（北部和东北部）以及10 - 17岁就业人口（南部）。根据这些指标的出现情况和重叠情况，我们观察到巴西各市对儿童营养不良患病率存在个体和累积影响，范围为1.73%至15.1%。
结果表明，巴西到2025年无法实现预期的儿童营养不良减少目标。必须对教育和卫生领域进行大量投资，主要针对母婴群体，特别是在北部和东北部地区。
