School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China.
Information Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2020 Dec 2;39(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s41043-020-00221-y.
Although good progress was made in maternal and child nutrition during the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) era, malnutrition remains one of the major threats on global health. Therefore, the United Nation set several nutrition-related goals in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). There is much to be learned from individual countries in terms of efforts and actions taken to reduce malnutrition. China, as a developing country, launched a number of nutrition improvement policies and programs that resulted in dramatic progress in improving maternal and child nutrition during the MDGs era. This study explored the impact, experiences, and lessons learned from the nutrition policies and programs initiated in China during the MDGs era and implications to achieve the SDGs for China and other developing countries.
The CNKI database and official websites of Chinese government were searched for reviews on nutrition-related policies and intervention programs. A qualitative study was conducted among key informants from the Chinese government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and universities for two major national nutrition intervention programs.
The literature review documented that during the MDGs era, six nutrition policies and eight trans-province and nationwide nutrition intervention programs collectively made good progress in improving maternal and child nutrition in China. Nutrition policies tended to be targeted at infants and children, with less attention on reproductive and maternal nutrition. Nutrition intervention programs focused primarily on undernutrition and have achieved positive results, while for breastfeeding improvement and prevention and control on overweight and obesity were limited. Results from the qualitative study indicated that effective nutrition program implementation was facilitated through the cooperation of multiple sectors and by the government and NGO partnerships, however, still face challenges of insufficient operational funds from local governments and inadequacy of program monitoring and management.
Nutrition policies and intervention programs promulgated in China during the MDGs era have made major contributions to the rapid decline of undernutrition and are in line to achieve the SDGs related to child wasting, stunting, low birth weight, and anemia in reproductive-age women. However, appropriate policies and program implementation are needed to improve exclusive breastfeeding rates and reduce obesity to achieve the SDGs in years to come.
尽管在千年发展目标（MDGs）时代，母婴营养方面取得了良好进展，但营养不良仍然是全球健康的主要威胁之一。因此，联合国在可持续发展目标（SDGs）中设定了几个与营养相关的目标。在减少营养不良方面，各国可以相互学习，借鉴彼此的努力和行动。中国作为一个发展中国家，在千年发展目标时代，推出了多项营养改善政策和计划，使母婴营养状况得到了显著改善。本研究探讨了中国在千年发展目标时代启动的营养政策和计划的影响、经验和教训，以及对中国和其他发展中国家实现可持续发展目标的启示。
在 CNKI 数据库和中国政府官方网站上搜索了有关营养政策和干预计划的综述。对中国政府、非政府组织（NGO）和大学的主要营养干预计划的关键知情人进行了定性研究。
文献综述记录了在千年发展目标时代，六项营养政策和八项跨省和全国性营养干预计划共同在中国取得了改善母婴营养的良好进展。营养政策往往针对婴儿和儿童，对生殖和孕产妇营养的关注较少。营养干预计划主要侧重于营养不良，并取得了积极的成果，而对母乳喂养的改善以及超重和肥胖的预防和控制则有限。定性研究结果表明，通过多部门合作以及政府与非政府组织的伙伴关系，有效地实施营养计划，但仍然面临地方政府运营资金不足和计划监测与管理不足的挑战。
中国在千年发展目标时代颁布的营养政策和干预计划，为快速减少营养不良做出了重大贡献，符合实现与儿童消瘦、发育迟缓、低出生体重和育龄妇女贫血相关的可持续发展目标。然而，需要适当的政策和计划实施来提高纯母乳喂养率并减少肥胖，以实现未来几年的可持续发展目标。
