Koudonas Antonios, Tsiakaras Stavros, Tzikoulis Vasileios, Papaioannou Maria, de la Rosette Jean, Anastasiadis Anastasios, Dimitriadis Georgios
First Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 27;17(3):465. doi: 10.3390/nu17030465.
Urolithiasis represents one of the most common urologic diseases, and its incidence demonstrates, globally, an increasing trend. The application of preventive measures is an established strategy to reduce urolithiasis-related morbidity, and it is based mostly on the adaptation of lifestyle factors and pharmacotherapy. Furthermore, other research areas demonstrate promising results, such as the research on the microbiome. In the current review, we searched for the latest data on lifestyle-based prevention and microbiome alterations in urolithiasis patients. The majority of the proposed lifestyle measures are already included in the urological guidelines, while additional factors, such as vitamin D supplementation, seem to have a putative positive effect. From the microbiome studies, several microbial composition patterns and metabolic pathways demonstrated an inhibiting or promoting role in lithogenesis. Up to the present, stone prevention has not shown satisfying results, which suggests that lifestyle measures are not adequate. Moreover, microbiome studies are prone to bias, since microbes are strongly affected by numerous clinical factors, while the analysis procedures are not standardized yet. Analysis standardization and data pooling from extensive registration of clinical and microbiome data are essential steps in order to improve the existing prevention strategy with targeted microbiome manipulations.
尿石症是最常见的泌尿系统疾病之一，全球范围内其发病率呈上升趋势。采取预防措施是降低尿石症相关发病率的既定策略，主要基于生活方式因素的调整和药物治疗。此外，其他研究领域也显示出有前景的结果，比如微生物组研究。在本综述中，我们检索了尿石症患者基于生活方式的预防及微生物组改变的最新数据。大多数提议的生活方式措施已纳入泌尿外科指南，而其他因素，如补充维生素D，似乎有假定的积极作用。从微生物组研究来看，几种微生物组成模式和代谢途径在结石形成过程中显示出抑制或促进作用。到目前为止，结石预防尚未取得令人满意的结果，这表明生活方式措施并不充分。此外，微生物组研究容易出现偏差，因为微生物受到众多临床因素的强烈影响，而分析程序尚未标准化。为了通过有针对性的微生物组操作改进现有的预防策略，分析标准化以及对临床和微生物组数据进行广泛登记的数据汇总至关重要。
