Naik Riya Gautam, Purcell Sarah A, Gold Stephanie L, Christiansen Victoria, D'Aloisio Leah D, Raman Maitreyi, Haskey Natasha
Department of Biology, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Southern Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 28;17(3):470. doi: 10.3390/nu17030470.
Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of diet in preventing and managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As our comprehension of the microbiome's role in IBD expands, dietary modifications are increasingly recognized as potential adjuncts or primary therapeutic strategies. Key components of the Mediterranean diet (MD)-including microbiota-accessible carbohydrates, omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, and antioxidants-have demonstrated promise in enhancing gut microbiota diversity and reducing intestinal inflammation, making it a practical approach for managing IBD. Moreover, the MD offers additional benefits considering the rising prevalence of comorbid chronic inflammatory conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity in IBD patients. The purpose of this narrative review was to provide an overview of the feasibility and clinical outcomes of the MD and offer evidence-based guidance for researchers and practitioners on how to adapt the MD to patients with IBD. According to several cross-sectional and interventional studies, the MD is feasible for patients with IBD and confers several benefits, such as reduced inflammation, improved disease activity, and enhanced quality of life, with a strong adherence rate and minimal adverse effects. To facilitate knowledge translation, we provide a practical framework for integrating the MD as a nutritional therapy for IBD, including specific recommendations and messaging that researchers, practitioners, and patients can use. By synthesizing current evidence and offering actionable insights, the aim is to facilitate the integration of the MD into IBD management, with the potential to improve patient outcomes.
新出现的证据强调了饮食在预防和管理炎症性肠病（IBD）中的关键作用。随着我们对微生物群在IBD中作用的理解不断扩展，饮食调整越来越被视为潜在的辅助或主要治疗策略。地中海饮食（MD）的关键成分——包括可被微生物利用的碳水化合物、ω-3脂肪酸、多酚和抗氧化剂——已显示出在增强肠道微生物群多样性和减轻肠道炎症方面的前景，使其成为管理IBD的一种实用方法。此外，考虑到IBD患者中糖尿病、心血管疾病和肥胖等慢性炎症合并症的患病率不断上升，MD还有其他益处。本叙述性综述的目的是概述MD的可行性和临床结果，并为研究人员和从业者提供基于证据的指导，说明如何使MD适用于IBD患者。根据多项横断面和干预性研究，MD对IBD患者是可行的，并具有多种益处，如减轻炎症、改善疾病活动度和提高生活质量，依从率高且不良反应最小。为了促进知识转化，我们提供了一个将MD作为IBD营养治疗方法纳入的实用框架，包括研究人员、从业者和患者可以使用的具体建议和信息。通过综合当前证据并提供可行的见解，目的是促进将MD纳入IBD管理，有可能改善患者的治疗效果。
