Harris L F, Kakani P R, Selah C E
Am Surg. 1985 May;51(5):262-4.
Actinomycosis is an anaerobic infection caused by actinomycetes, which are part of the normal flora in the oral cavity and intestine. Antecedent disease or surgery predisposes to infection, and involved tissue becomes indurated and forms multiple draining fistulae discharging characteristic sulfur granules. Three principal clinical syndromes are described: cervicofacial, thoracic, and abdominal. Recently pelvic actinomycosis has become more prevalent and associated with women who use the intrauterine device. The diagnosis of actinomycosis usually is made at surgery. Biopsied material histologically demonstrates sulfur granules and filamentous gram-positive rods. The differential diagnosis includes cancer and other chronic infections. Treatment consists of appropriate antimicrobial therapy and often surgery including incision and drainage or excision of abscesses, drainage of empyemas, and removal of persistent sinuses.
放线菌病是由放线菌引起的一种厌氧菌感染，放线菌是口腔和肠道正常菌群的一部分。先前的疾病或手术易引发感染，受累组织会变硬并形成多个引流瘘，排出特征性的硫磺颗粒。描述了三种主要临床综合征：颈面部、胸部和腹部。近来，盆腔放线菌病变得更为常见，且与使用宫内节育器的女性有关。放线菌病的诊断通常在手术时做出。活检材料在组织学上显示硫磺颗粒和丝状革兰氏阳性杆菌。鉴别诊断包括癌症和其他慢性感染。治疗包括适当的抗菌治疗，通常还需要手术，如切开引流或切除脓肿、引流脓胸以及切除持续性窦道。
