Zabaloy Santiago, Healy Robin, Pereira Lucas A, Tondelli Eduardo, Tomaghelli Luciano, Aparicio Juan, Vega Franco, Medrano Joaquín, Giráldez Julián, Comyns Thomas, Freitas Tomás T, Loturco Irineu
Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports, Universidad de Flores, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Hum Kinet. 2025 Jan 31;95:199-214. doi: 10.5114/jhk/200121. eCollection 2025 Jan.
This study aimed to compare: 1) the effects of a 4-week unresisted vs. resisted sprint training programs (UST and RST with 50% body mass, respectively) on both resisted and unresisted sprint performance; and 2) the effects of these sprint training schemes on various strength-power measures (i.e., one-repetition maximum [1RM] and the isometric squat test (ISqT), eccentric hamstring strength in the Nordic hamstring exercise [NHE], and vertical and horizontal jump distances). Thirty-five under-19 male academy rugby players participated in the study and were randomly assigned to one of the two training groups. Players' unresisted and resisted (50% BM) 30-m sprint performance, squat 1RM, ISqT, NHE, and jump capabilities were tested on different occasions. Only UST produced a significant reduction in unresisted 30-m sprint time (p < 0.05), whereas both groups exhibited significant changes in resisted sprint times at 10 m and 30 m, as well as maximum velocity (p < 0.005; ES: large). Regarding strength measures, RST led to significant increases in ISqT peak force, horizontal jump distance, and NHE strength (p < 0.011; ES: large). Overall, no significant differences were detected between UST and RST in any of the primary or secondary measures after the intervention. Both training methods were equally effective in improving resisted sprint performance in youth male rugby players. Moreover, UST and RST could be effective options for maintaining or even improving various neuromuscular measures (e.g., dynamic-explosive, isometric, and eccentric strength) when lower limb resistance training is reduced during the competitive season due to the congested schedule.
1）为期4周的无阻力与有阻力短跑训练计划（分别为无阻力短跑训练[UST]和50%体重的有阻力短跑训练[RST]）对有阻力和无阻力短跑成绩的影响；2）这些短跑训练方案对各种力量-功率指标的影响（即一次重复最大值[1RM]和等长深蹲测试[ISqT]、北欧腿弯举练习[NHE]中的腿筋离心力量以及垂直和水平跳跃距离）。35名19岁以下的男性学院橄榄球运动员参与了该研究，并被随机分配到两个训练组之一。在不同时间测试了运动员的无阻力和有阻力（50%体重）30米短跑成绩、深蹲1RM、ISqT、NHE和跳跃能力。只有UST使无阻力30米短跑时间显著缩短（p<0.05），而两组在10米和30米处的有阻力短跑时间以及最大速度方面均表现出显著变化（p<0.005；效应量：大）。在力量指标方面，RST导致ISqT峰值力量、水平跳跃距离和NHE力量显著增加（p<0.011；效应量：大）。总体而言，干预后在任何主要或次要指标上，UST和RST之间均未检测到显著差异。两种训练方法在提高青年男性橄榄球运动员的有阻力短跑成绩方面同样有效。此外，当在竞争赛季由于赛程密集而减少下肢阻力训练时，UST和RST可能是维持甚至改善各种神经肌肉指标（如动态爆发力、等长力量和离心力量）的有效选择。
