Loturco Irineu, Mcguigan Michael R, Freitas Tomás T, Nakamura Fábio Y, Boullosa Daniel A, Valenzuela Pedro L, Pereira Lucas A, Pareja-Blanco Fernando
NAR - Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Biol Sport. 2022 Oct;39(4):1043-1048. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.112085. Epub 2022 Jan 25.
The aims of this study were to: 1) provide and compare the height achieved during Smith machine (SM) and free weight (FW) loaded jumps executed over a wide spectrum of loads (40-120% of body mass [BM]); and 2) test the difference between loaded and unloaded squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) attempts in ten highly trained male sprinters. On the first visit, athletes performed unloaded SJ and CMJ, loaded SJ with loads corresponding to 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120% BM, and loaded CMJ at 100% BM using an Olympic barbell (FW). On the second visit, they performed loaded SJ and CMJ tests under the same loading conditions on the SM device and, subsequently, a half-squat one-repetition maximum (1RM) assessment. The relative strength (RS = 1RM/BM) of the athletes was 2.54 ± 0.15. Loaded SJ performance was similar between SM and FW, and across all loading conditions. Differences in favour of CMJ (higher jump heights compared with SJ) were superior in the unloaded condition but decreased progressively as a function of loading. In summary, sprinters achieved similar SJ heights across a comprehensive range of loads, regardless of the execution mode (FW or SM). The positive effect of the countermovement on jump performance is progressively reduced with increasing load.
1）提供并比较在广泛的负荷范围（体重[BM]的40%-120%）内进行的史密斯机（SM）负重跳跃和自由重量（FW）负重跳跃所达到的高度；2）测试10名训练有素的男性短跑运动员在负重和无负重深蹲跳（SJ）及反向移动跳（CMJ）尝试之间的差异。在第一次访视时，运动员进行无负重SJ和CMJ、对应40%、60%、80%、100%和120%BM负荷的负重SJ，以及使用奥林匹克杠铃（FW）进行100%BM负荷的负重CMJ。在第二次访视时，他们在SM器械上在相同负荷条件下进行负重SJ和CMJ测试，随后进行半蹲一次最大重复量（1RM）评估。运动员的相对力量（RS = 1RM/BM）为2.54±0.15。SM和FW之间以及所有负荷条件下的负重SJ表现相似。在无负重条件下，CMJ（与SJ相比跳跃高度更高）的优势更明显，但随着负荷增加而逐渐减小。总之，无论执行方式（FW或SM）如何，短跑运动员在广泛的负荷范围内都能达到相似的SJ高度。反向移动对跳跃表现的积极影响随着负荷增加而逐渐降低。
