Karam Farah, El Deghel Yara, Iratni Rabah, Dakroub Ali H, Eid Ali H
Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Al-Koura, Lebanon.
Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE.
Cell Biochem Biophys. 2025 Feb 13. doi: 10.1007/s12013-025-01683-9.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. While the incidence and mortality of CRC have decreased overall due to better screening, rates in adults under 50 have risen. CRC can manifest as inherited syndromes (10%), familial clustering (20%), or sporadic forms (70%). The gut microbiota, comprising mainly firmicutes and bacteroidetes, play a key role in CRC development and prevention. Indeed, CRC progression is influenced by the dynamic interaction between the gut microbiota, the intestinal barrier, the immune system, and the production of short-chain fatty acids. Not surprisingly, imbalance in the gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, has been linked to CRC due to ensuing chronic inflammation, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. This may explain the notion that probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation offer potential strategies for CRC prevention and treatment by restoring microbial balance and enhancing anti-cancer immune responses. This review appraises the roles of gut microbiota in promoting or preventing CRC. It also discusses the mechanistic interplay between microbiota composition, the intestinal barrier, and the immune system, with the hope of developing potential therapeutic strategies.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球癌症相关死亡的第二大主要原因。尽管由于更好的筛查，CRC的发病率和死亡率总体上有所下降，但50岁以下成年人的发病率却有所上升。CRC可表现为遗传性综合征（10%）、家族聚集性（20%）或散发性形式（70%）。主要由厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门组成的肠道微生物群在CRC的发生和预防中起关键作用。事实上，CRC的进展受到肠道微生物群、肠道屏障、免疫系统和短链脂肪酸产生之间动态相互作用的影响。毫不奇怪，由于随之而来的慢性炎症、DNA损伤和氧化应激，肠道微生物群的失衡，即生态失调，已与CRC相关联。这可能解释了益生菌和粪便微生物群移植通过恢复微生物平衡和增强抗癌免疫反应为CRC预防和治疗提供潜在策略的观点。本综述评估了肠道微生物群在促进或预防CRC中的作用。它还讨论了微生物群组成、肠道屏障和免疫系统之间的机制相互作用，希望能制定出潜在的治疗策略。
