Swanson Leslie M, Hood Michelle M, Thurston Rebecca C, Butters Meryl A, Kline Christopher E, Kravitz Howard M, Avis Nancy E, Neal-Perry Genevieve, Joffe Hadine, Harlow Siobán D, Derby Carol A
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Sleep. 2025 May 12;48(5). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsaf041.
This study examined whether sleep timing and its regularity are associated with cognitive performance in older women and whether associations vary based on cardiometabolic risk factors.
The cross-sectional analysis included 1177 community-dwelling females (mean age 65 years) from the observational Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) annual visit 15. Sleep timing (mean midpoint from sleep onset to wake-up) and its regularity (standard deviation of midpoint) were assessed using actigraphy. Cognitive measures included immediate and delayed verbal memory, working memory, and processing speed. Cardiometabolic risk measures included central obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk score. Linear regression models, adjusted for covariates, tested associations between sleep and cognitive measures.
After covariate adjustment, early sleep timing was associated with worse delayed verbal memory (β = -0.37; p = .047) and late sleep timing was associated with worse processing speed (β = -1.80; p = .008). Irregular sleep timing was associated with worse immediate (β = -0.29; p = .020) and delayed verbal memory (β = -0.36; p = .006), and better working memory (β = 0.50; p = .004). Associations between early sleep timing and delayed verbal memory strengthened as ASCVD risk increased (interaction β = -8.83, p = .026), and sleep timing irregularity's effect on working memory was stronger among women with hypertension (interaction β = -3.35, p = .039).
Sleep timing and its regularity are concurrently associated with cognitive performance in older women. Cardiovascular disease risk may modify some of these associations. Future longitudinal studies are needed to clarify these relationships.
本研究探讨了睡眠时间及其规律性是否与老年女性的认知表现相关，以及这些关联是否因心血管代谢风险因素而异。
横断面分析纳入了来自全国女性健康观察研究（SWAN）第15次年度访视的1177名社区居住女性（平均年龄65岁）。使用活动记录仪评估睡眠时间（从入睡到醒来的平均中点时间）及其规律性（中点时间的标准差）。认知测量包括即时和延迟言语记忆、工作记忆和处理速度。心血管代谢风险测量包括中心性肥胖、高血压、糖尿病和动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）风险评分。经协变量调整的线性回归模型检验了睡眠与认知测量之间的关联。
经协变量调整后，早睡时间与较差的延迟言语记忆相关（β = -0.37；p = 0.047），晚睡时间与较差的处理速度相关（β = -1.80；p = 0.008）。睡眠时间不规律与较差的即时言语记忆（β = -0.29；p = 0.020）和延迟言语记忆（β = -0.36；p = 0.006）相关，以及较好的工作记忆（β = 0.50；p = 0.004）。随着ASCVD风险增加，早睡时间与延迟言语记忆之间的关联增强（交互作用β = -8.83，p = 0.026），并且睡眠时间不规律对工作记忆的影响在高血压女性中更强（交互作用β = -3.35，p = 0.039）。
睡眠时间及其规律性同时与老年女性的认知表现相关。心血管疾病风险可能会改变其中一些关联。未来需要进行纵向研究以阐明这些关系。
