Kalata Maros, Williams Craig Anthony, Verbruggen Ferdia Fallon, De Ste Croix Mark, Lehnert Michal, Zahalka Frantisek, Maly Tomas
Sport Research Centre, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Res Sports Med. 2025 May-Jun;33(3):334-351. doi: 10.1080/15438627.2025.2465544. Epub 2025 Feb 16.
A total of 181 young male athletes were recruited and categorized according to sport specialization (soccer or athletics) and age categories (U15, U17 or U19). Isokinetic strength was measured as peak muscle torque (PT), normalized to body mass, for the knee extensors (PT) and knee flexors (PT) during concentric muscle contraction at three angular velocities (60s 180s 300s). Vertical jump performance was measured during a countermovement jump with arms fixed (CMJ) and a squat jump (SJ).
Significantly higher values of bilateral asymmetry (BA) of PT for angular velocity 60°s and 180°s were found in the athletics group compared to the soccer group in the U17 category (14.40% to 16.02% vs 9.07% to 10.45%). Significantly higher values of BA for angular velocity 300°s for both PT and PT were found in the U15 compared to U19 category. Significantly higher values of H:Q ratio at all angular velocity except for the non-dominant leg in the highest angular velocity in soccer compared to the athletes in the U17 category were found. Soccer players exhibited significantly higher values of PT compared to those in athletics and jump height in the U17 category.
Soccer players displayed increased isokinetic strength and more balanced BA compared to the athletics group. Physiotherapists and strength coaches should focus on younger age groups, especially U15, due to the higher incidence of BA and lower relative strength regardless of specialization.
共招募了181名年轻男性运动员，并根据运动专项（足球或田径）和年龄组别（U15、U17或U19）进行分类。等速肌力通过在三个角速度（60°/秒、180°/秒、300°/秒）下向心肌肉收缩过程中膝关节伸肌（PT）和膝关节屈肌（PT）的峰值肌肉扭矩（PT）进行测量，并将其归一化至体重。垂直跳跃成绩通过固定手臂的反向运动跳跃（CMJ）和深蹲跳跃（SJ）进行测量。
在U17年龄组中，田径组在60°/秒和180°/秒角速度下的PT双侧不对称性（BA）值显著高于足球组（分别为14.40%至16.02%与9.07%至10.45%）。U15年龄组在300°/秒角速度下的PT和PT的BA值均显著高于U19年龄组。与U17年龄组的运动员相比，足球运动员在除最高角速度下非优势腿外的所有角速度下的H:Q比值均显著较高。在U17年龄组中，足球运动员的PT值和跳跃高度均显著高于田径运动员。
与田径组相比，足球运动员表现出更高的等速肌力和更平衡的BA。物理治疗师和力量教练应关注年龄较小的组别，尤其是U15组，因为无论专项如何，该组BA发生率较高且相对力量较低。
