Zhou Yang, Lin Yan, Yang Yanhui, Lei Wang, Xu Juan, Zhu Yuanzeng
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China.
Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu, China.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 Feb 3;16:1456370. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1456370. eCollection 2025.
The focus on remnant cholesterol (RC) has intensified because of its association with various diseases. In this study, we investigated the association between RC and depression in middle-aged and older adults.
The study involved 7,305 participants from the 2015 and 2018 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Based on the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10), depression was indicated by scores ≥ 12. To assess the correlation between RC levels and depression, a logistic regression model that incorporated restricted cubic spline techniques was used.
Of the study population, (mean age: 60.0 ± 9.5 years), 50.3% were female. From 2015 to 2018, the mean CESD-10 score increased from 6.31 ± 3.56 to 7.85 ± 5.23. Following adjustment for confounding factors, individuals in the higher RC level quartile exhibited a higher depression risk (Q3: odds ratio [OR]: 1.75, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.29-2.39; Q4: OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.96-3.68, P for trend < 0.001), with a linear correlation between RC levels and depression (P for nonlinearity = 0.108). And the subgroup analysis yielded results consistent with the primary findings.
This study revealed that in China, in middle-aged and older individuals, elevated RC levels were associated with a higher depression risk, suggesting RC is a promising target for depression prevention and treatment.
由于残余胆固醇（RC）与多种疾病相关，对其的关注日益增加。在本研究中，我们调查了中老年人群中RC与抑郁症之间的关联。
该研究纳入了来自中国健康与养老追踪调查2015年和2018年两轮调查的7305名参与者。基于10项流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CESD-10），抑郁由得分≥12表示。为评估RC水平与抑郁症之间的相关性，使用了纳入受限立方样条技术的逻辑回归模型。
在研究人群中（平均年龄：60.0±9.5岁），50.3%为女性。从2015年到2018年，CESD-10的平均得分从6.31±3.56增加到7.85±5.23。在对混杂因素进行调整后，RC水平处于较高四分位数的个体表现出更高的抑郁风险（Q3：比值比[OR]：1.75，95%置信区间[CI]：1.29 - 2.39；Q4：OR：2.68，95%CI：1.96 - 3.68，趋势P<0.001），RC水平与抑郁症之间存在线性相关性（非线性P = 0.108）。亚组分析结果与主要发现一致。
本研究表明，在中国中老年人群中，RC水平升高与更高的抑郁风险相关，提示RC是抑郁症预防和治疗的一个有前景的靶点。
