中国西南部农村地区抑郁症和焦虑症患病率的社会经济差异及其与糖尿病的关联。

Socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of depression and anxiety, and their associations with diabetes in rural southwest China.

作者信息

Liu Du-Li, Yu Zi-Zi, Liu Lan, Li Guo-Hui, Li Xi-Min, Ruan Chun-Yi, Golden Allison Rabkin, Wang Gui-Yi, Cai Le

机构信息

Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety & School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Yu Hua Street Chun Rong Road, Cheng Gong New City, Kunming, 650500, China.

NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.

出版信息

BMC Public Health. 2025 Feb 18;25(1):668. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-21837-x.

DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-21837-x

PMID:39966812

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11837715/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

This study examines how the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms differ by socioeconomic status and explores their associations with diabetes in rural southwest China.

METHODS

Data were collected from a cross-sectional health interview and examination survey of 5,005 adults aged ≥ 35 years in rural southwest China. Height, weight, waist circumference, and fasting blood glucose measurement were taken. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), respectively. An individual socioeconomic position (SEP) index was constructed using principal component analysis.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms, and diabetes was 5.4%, 12.8%, 4.0%, and 9.6%, respectively. Females had higher prevalence of depression (7.3% vs. 3.4%, P < 0.01), anxiety (17.4% vs. 8.1%, P < 0.01), and comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms (5.8% vs. 2.3%, P < 0.01) than males. Han ethnicity participants had a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, and comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms than ethnic minority participants (P < 0.01). Individuals with a lower education level and lower SEP were more likely to experience depression, anxiety, and comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms (P < 0.01), while individuals with good access to medical services were more likely to exhibit depression symptoms and comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms (P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that individuals with depression symptoms (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.25 to 2.53), anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.30 to 2.16), and comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.44) all had a greater probability of having diabetes (P < 0.01); depression symptoms had the strongest association with diabetes prevalence (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

There are significant socioeconomic differences in the prevalence of depression and anxiety in rural southwest China, and both depression and anxiety symptoms have strong associations with diabetes. Future diabetes prevention and management strategies should focus on individuals with depression, anxiety, and comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms.

摘要

背景

本研究调查了中国西南部农村地区抑郁症和焦虑症症状的患病率如何因社会经济地位而异，并探讨了它们与糖尿病之间的关联。

方法

数据来自对中国西南部农村地区5005名年龄≥35岁成年人的横断面健康访谈和检查调查。测量了身高、体重、腰围和空腹血糖。分别使用zung氏自评抑郁量表（SDS）和自评焦虑量表（SAS）评估抑郁和焦虑症状。使用主成分分析构建个体社会经济地位（SEP）指数。

结果

抑郁症、焦虑症、合并抑郁和焦虑症状以及糖尿病的总体患病率分别为5.4%、12.8%、4.0%和9.6%。女性抑郁症（7.3%对3.4%，P<0.01）、焦虑症（17.4%对8.1%，P<0.01）以及合并抑郁和焦虑症状（5.8%对2.3%，P<0.01）的患病率高于男性。汉族参与者抑郁症、焦虑症以及合并抑郁和焦虑症状的患病率高于少数民族参与者（P<0.01）。教育水平较低和社会经济地位较低的个体更有可能出现抑郁、焦虑以及合并抑郁和焦虑症状（P<0.01）,而获得医疗服务便利的个体更有可能出现抑郁症状以及合并抑郁和焦虑症状（P<0.05）。多变量逻辑回归分析发现，有抑郁症状（OR=1.78，95%CI：1.25至2.53）、焦虑症状（OR=1.66，95%CI：1.30至2.16）以及合并抑郁和焦虑症状（OR=1.61，95%CI：1.07至2.44）的个体患糖尿病的可能性均更大（P<0.01）；抑郁症状与糖尿病患病率的关联最强（P<0.01）。