Disturbances of bladder and urethral function in Parkinson's disease.

Bladder and urethral function was studied in a total of 68 patients, using cystometry and sphincter electromyography. A high incidence of disturbances of both detrusor and sphincter innervation was encountered. Upper urinary tract damage was rare. The pathophysiology of the dysfunctions of the lower urinary tract is discussed.