SERS-Active Micro/Nanomachines for Biosensing.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a powerful noninvasive analytical technique with widespread applications in biochemical analysis and biomedical diagnostics. The need for highly sensitive, reproducible, and efficient detection of biomolecules in complex biological environments has driven significant advancements in SERS-based biosensing platforms. In this context, micro/nanomachines (MNMs) have garnered attention as versatile SERS-active substrates due to their unique structural and motional characteristics at the micro- and nanoscale. This review explores the advantages of integrating MNMs with SERS for biosensing, discussing recent technological advances, various propulsion strategies, and their potential in a range of analytical applications.