Savargaonkar Aniruddha Vijay, Holloway Emma, Madruga Liszt Y C, Pereira Bruno L, Soares Paulo, Popat Ketul C
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2025 Feb 17;10(2):115. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics10020115.
Titanium and its alloys have been the material of choice for orthopedic implants due to their excellent physical properties as well as biocompatibility. However, titanium is not able to integrate with bone due to the mismatch of mechanical properties. Additionally, bone has a micro-nano hierarchy, which is absent on titanium's surface. A potential solution to the former is to make the surfaces porous to bring the mechanical properties closer to that of the bone, and a solution for the latter is to fabricate nanostructures. In this study, micro-porous titanium surfaces were hydrothermally treated using an alkali medium to fabricate nanostructures on the existing micro-porosity of the surface. The surface properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation. The anti-bacterial properties of the surfaces were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Blood clotting is shown to improve the surface-to-bone integration; hence, whole blood clotting and platelet adhesion and activation were evaluated using a whole blood clotting assay, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that nanostructured micro-porous titanium surfaces display significantly enhanced anti-bacterial properties as well as equivalent blood clotting characteristics compared to non-porous titanium surfaces.
钛及其合金因其优异的物理性能和生物相容性，一直是骨科植入物的首选材料。然而，由于机械性能不匹配，钛无法与骨结合。此外，骨具有微纳层级结构，而钛表面不存在这种结构。解决前者的一个潜在方案是使表面多孔，以使机械性能更接近骨的性能，而解决后者的方案是制造纳米结构。在本研究中，采用碱介质对微孔钛表面进行水热处理，以在表面现有的微孔上制造纳米结构。使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射和纳米压痕对表面性能进行评估。使用荧光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜评估表面对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌性能。结果表明，血液凝固可改善表面与骨的结合；因此，使用全血凝固试验、荧光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜评估全血凝固以及血小板的粘附和活化情况。结果表明，与无孔钛表面相比，纳米结构化的微孔钛表面具有显著增强的抗菌性能以及相当的血液凝固特性。
