Ioannidis Konstantinos, Dimopoulos Andreas, Decoene Isaak, Guilliams Maya, Svitina Hanna, Storozhuk Liudmyla, de Oliveira-Silva Rodrigo, Basov Sergey, Thanh Nguyen Thi Kim, Mourdikoudis Stefanos, Van Bael Margriet J, Smeets Bart, Sakellariou Dimitrios, Papantoniou Ioannis
Prometheus Translational Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, Department of Development & Regeneration, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Apr;12(15):e2413680. doi: 10.1002/advs.202413680. Epub 2025 Feb 25.
The use of magnetic-driven strategies for non-contact manipulation of engineered living modules opens up new possibilities for tissue engineering. The integration of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with cartilaginous microtissues enables model-driven 4D bottom-up biofabrication of remotely actuated assembloids, providing unique properties to mechanoresponsive tissues, particularly skeletal constructs. However, for clinical use, the long-term effects of magnetic stimulation on phenotype and in vivo functionality need further exploration. Magnetic-driven biofabrication includes both rapid processes, such as guided microtissue assembly, and slower biological processes, like extracellular matrix secretion. This work explores the interplay between magnetic fields and MNP-loaded cartilaginous microtissues through mathematical modeling and experimental approaches, investigating long-term stimulation effects on ECM maturation and chondrogenic hypertrophy. Transcriptomic analysis reveal that magnetic stimulation activated mechanosensitive pathways and catabolic processes, driving accelerated cartilage-to-bone transitions via endochondral ossification, outcomes not observed in non-stimulated controls. This study paves the way for pre-programmed, remotely actuated skeletal assembloids with superior bone-forming capacity for regenerating challenging bone fractures.
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