Polo-Ferrero Luis, Recio-Rodriguez Jose I, González-Manzano Susana, Martín-Vallejo Javier, Barbero-Iglesias Fausto J, Montero-Errasquín Beatriz, Cruz-Jentoft Alfonso J, Méndez-Sánchez Roberto
Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain; Unidad de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), 37005, Salamanca, Spain; Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Spain.
Clin Nutr. 2025 Apr;47:103-111. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2025.02.015. Epub 2025 Feb 19.
Despite advances in research on training and nutritional supplementation, it is largely unknown how micronutrient intake modulates the response to training in older adults. This study investigates the relationship between nutrient intake and response to training in older women at risk of sarcopenia.
A randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups (high-speed resistance training (H-RT) and multicomponent training (MT)) was conducted over a 32-week intervention involving 80 older women at risk of sarcopenia (mean age: 77.36 ± 6.71 years). A food frequency questionnaire was administered to assess whether nutrient intake influenced strength outcomes measured by the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5STS) and other functional variables.
Significant improvements in the five times sit to stand test (5STS) were observed in both groups post-intervention (p < 0.001), with no significant differences between them (p = 0.127), suggesting comparable effectiveness. In both groups, lower levels of vitamin B12 (H-RT: r = -0.52; MT: r = -0.50) and vitamin D (H-RT: r = -0.55; MT: r = -0.69) were associated with worse 5STS performance. Additionally, in the H-RT group, lower levels of vitamin E (r = -0.36), magnesium (r = -0.48), iron (r = -0.43), and potassium (r = -0.47) were also correlated with poorer performance.
The results indicate that improvements in strength are related to micronutrient sufficiency rather than macronutrient sufficiency. Deficiencies in vitamin D and B12 negatively impacted muscle strength gains in both H-RT and MT, while vitamin E, potassium, magnesium, and iron influenced H-RT outcomes. The lesser effect of micronutrient deficiencies on MT suggests it may be more suitable for individuals with mild deficiencies, as it requires fewer specific nutrients for muscle strength.
The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT05870046.
尽管在训练和营养补充研究方面取得了进展，但在很大程度上，人们尚不清楚微量营养素的摄入如何调节老年人对训练的反应。本研究调查了有肌肉减少症风险的老年女性的营养摄入与训练反应之间的关系。
进行了一项随机临床试验，分为两个平行组（高速抗阻训练（H-RT）和多组分训练（MT）），为期32周的干预涉及80名有肌肉减少症风险的老年女性（平均年龄：77.36±6.71岁）。采用食物频率问卷来评估营养摄入是否会影响由五次坐立试验（5STS）测量的力量结果以及其他功能变量。
干预后两组的五次坐立试验（5STS）均有显著改善（p<0.001），两组之间无显著差异（p = 0.127），表明效果相当。在两组中，维生素B12水平较低（H-RT：r = -0.52；MT：r = -0.50）和维生素D水平较低（H-RT：r = -0.55；MT：r = -0.69）与较差的5STS表现相关。此外，在H-RT组中，维生素E水平较低（r = -0.36）、镁水平较低（r = -0.48）、铁水平较低（r = -0.43）和钾水平较低（r = -0.47）也与较差的表现相关。
结果表明，力量的改善与微量营养素充足而非宏量营养素充足有关。维生素D和B12缺乏对H-RT和MT中的肌肉力量增长均产生负面影响，而维生素E、钾、镁和铁影响H-RT的结果。微量营养素缺乏对MT的影响较小，这表明它可能更适合轻度缺乏的个体，因为它对肌肉力量所需的特定营养素较少。
该研究已在ClinicalTrials.gov上注册，标识符为NCT05870046。
