Barak Timur Hakan, Eryilmaz Mujde, Karaca Basar, Servi Huseyin, Kara Ertekin Simge, Dinc Muhittin, Ustuner Hatice
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Türkiye.
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Türkiye.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 Feb 11;14(2):181. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14020181.
Essential oils of subsp. are known for their rich phytochemical content and bioactive properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing, as well as the cytotoxic activities of subsp. essential oils (TS-EO1 and TS-EO2) obtained from two different localities in Türkiye, along with a detailed chemical composition analysis. TS-EO1 and TS-EO2 were obtained by the hydrodistillation method and analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine their phytochemical profiles. Antimicrobial activities were assessed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungal strains were assessed using the broth microdilution method. Anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing activities were evaluated using PAO1 and ATCC 12472, respectively. Cytotoxic properties were tested on four cell lines (A549, MCF-7, U87MG, and L929) using the MTT assay. Both essential oil samples were rich in carvacrol (54.3% and 54.1%), followed by p-cymene and γ-terpinene. The essential oils exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, particularly against (6.25 mg/mL) and (0.20 mg/mL). Sub-MIC concentrations significantly inhibited biofilm formation and quorum sensing. Both samples showed moderate cytotoxic properties against human cancer cell lines, particularly A549 (IC50: 116.3 and 134.4 μg/mL, respectively). This study showed that subsp. essential oils have significant antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and anti-quorum sensing properties against various bacteria and fungi, along with moderate cytotoxic effects, indicating their medicinal and pharmaceutical potentials. This is the first study which revealed anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing properties of essential oils to our knowledge.
[该植物]亚种的精油以其丰富的植物化学成分和生物活性特性而闻名。本研究旨在评估[该植物]亚种精油（TS - EO1和TS - EO2）的抗菌、抗生物膜和群体感应抑制活性以及细胞毒性，这两种精油分别取自土耳其的两个不同地点，同时进行详细的化学成分分析。TS - EO1和TS - EO2通过水蒸馏法获得，并使用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）进行分析以确定其植物化学特征。采用肉汤微量稀释法评估对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性，以及对真菌菌株的抗菌活性。分别使用铜绿假单胞菌PAO1和肺炎克雷伯菌ATCC 12472评估抗生物膜和群体感应抑制活性。使用MTT法在四种细胞系（A549、MCF - 7、U87MG和L929）上测试细胞毒性特性。两种精油样品均富含香芹酚（分别为54.3%和54.1%），其次是对伞花烃和γ - 萜品烯。这些精油表现出显著的抗菌活性，尤其是对金黄色葡萄球菌（6.25 mg/mL）和大肠杆菌（0.20 mg/mL）。亚最小抑菌浓度显著抑制生物膜形成和群体感应。两种样品对人类癌细胞系均表现出中等细胞毒性，尤其是对A549（IC50分别为116.3和134.4 μg/mL）。本研究表明，[该植物]亚种精油对多种细菌和真菌具有显著的抗菌、抗生物膜和群体感应抑制特性，同时具有中等细胞毒性作用，表明其具有药用和制药潜力。据我们所知，这是第一项揭示[该植物]精油抗生物膜和群体感应抑制特性的研究。
