Kovács László, Szabó Ábel, Barnácz Franciska, Csirmaz Bence, Jerzsele Ákos, Kerek Ádám
Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary.
Poultry-Care Kft., H-5052 Újszász, Hungary.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 Feb 14;14(2):200. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14020200.
The poultry industry is one of the most rapidly growing sectors, producing the highest amount of animal-derived protein per unit time while also being the second-largest consumer of antibiotics. The widespread and accelerating spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) underscores the necessity of regular monitoring studies. Periodic assessments, especially focusing on commensal strains, can serve as indicators of emerging resistance patterns. This study assesses the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of putative commensal strains ( = 166) isolated from large-scale turkey flocks in Hungary using minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. The isolated strains were tested against antibiotics of veterinary and public health importance. The results were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test, as well as -tests. Additionally, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were performed. Our findings revealed the highest resistance rates to tiamulin (90.4%), doxycycline (79.5%), and enrofloxacin (68.7%). These results reflect the extensive antibiotic use in the poultry sector, which contributes to the widespread presence of antimicrobial resistance. As regular monitoring and the identification of trends can aid in mitigating the spread of resistance, these findings should be complemented by data on antibiotic usage at the surveyed farms in further studies. The observed resistance rate of 18.1% to vancomycin is particularly concerning from a public health perspective, given that comparative human data show only a 0.05% resistance rate. Additionally, for multidrug-resistant strains, next-generation sequencing should be utilized to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying resistance, particularly in strains exhibiting high levels of resistance to vancomycin, which is of critical importance in human medicine, as well as to the critically important enrofloxacin and the widely used doxycycline and tiamulin. However, the limitations of the study should also be acknowledged, including the relatively small sample size, which is significantly lower than that of available human data, as well as the spatial distribution of the samples.
家禽业是发展最迅速的行业之一，单位时间内生产的动物源蛋白量最高，同时也是抗生素的第二大消费行业。抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）的广泛且加速传播凸显了定期监测研究的必要性。定期评估，尤其是关注共生菌株的评估，可作为新出现耐药模式的指标。本研究使用最低抑菌浓度（MIC）测定法评估了从匈牙利大型火鸡群中分离出的假定共生菌株（n = 166）的抗菌药物敏感性谱。对分离出的菌株进行了针对具有兽医和公共卫生重要性的抗生素的测试。使用Kruskal-Wallis检验、Mann-Whitney检验以及卡方检验对结果进行了分析。此外，还进行了相关性分析和主成分分析。我们的研究结果显示，对泰妙菌素（90.4%）、强力霉素（79.5%）和恩诺沙星（68.7%）的耐药率最高。这些结果反映了家禽行业抗生素的广泛使用，这导致了抗菌药物耐药性的广泛存在。由于定期监测和趋势识别有助于减轻耐药性的传播，这些研究结果应在进一步研究中辅以被调查养殖场抗生素使用情况的数据。从公共卫生角度来看，观察到的对万古霉素18.1%的耐药率尤其令人担忧，因为人类的比较数据显示耐药率仅为0.05%。此外，对于多重耐药菌株，应利用下一代测序来阐明耐药性的遗传机制，特别是对万古霉素耐药水平高的菌株，万古霉素在人类医学中至关重要，对同样至关重要的恩诺沙星以及广泛使用的强力霉素和泰妙菌素也是如此。然而，也应承认该研究的局限性，包括样本量相对较小，明显低于现有的人类数据样本量，以及样本的空间分布情况。
