Phuong Daryl J, Pirtz Matalin G, Ralston Coulter Q, Cosgrove Benjamin D, Schimenti John C, Flesken-Nikitin Andrea, Nikitin Alexander Yu
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Feb 11;17(4):604. doi: 10.3390/cancers17040604.
In 2025, gynecological cancers are projected to account for approximately 10% of cancer-related deaths in women. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) and serous endometrial carcinoma (SEC) are the most lethal gynecological cancer subtypes. Both malignancies commonly have mutations, alterations of the RB1 pathway, and numerous secondary mutations. Both carcinoma types consist of poorly differentiated and highly heterogeneous cell populations at the time of detection. Latent development and rapid progression of HGSC and SEC impede the identification of definitive cells of origin and genetic drivers. Here, we review our current knowledge about cancer-prone cell states and genetic drivers. We also discuss how emerging transcriptomic and genetic tools applied to contemporary model systems may facilitate the identification of novel targets for timely detection and therapeutic intervention.
预计到2025年，妇科癌症将占女性癌症相关死亡人数的约10%。高级别浆液性卵巢癌（HGSC）和浆液性子宫内膜癌（SEC）是最致命的妇科癌症亚型。这两种恶性肿瘤通常都有突变、RB1通路改变以及众多继发性突变。在检测时，这两种癌症类型均由低分化且高度异质性的细胞群体组成。HGSC和SEC的潜伏性发展和快速进展阻碍了对明确起源细胞和遗传驱动因素的识别。在此，我们综述了我们目前关于易患癌症细胞状态和遗传驱动因素的知识。我们还讨论了应用于当代模型系统的新兴转录组学和遗传学工具如何有助于识别新的靶点，以便及时进行检测和治疗干预。
