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水开菲尔粒及其苹果渣发酵饮料中两亲性生物活性物质的抗氧化、抗血栓和抗炎特性

Antioxidant, Antithrombotic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Amphiphilic Bioactives from Water Kefir Grains and Its Apple Pomace-Based Fermented Beverage.

作者信息

Papadopoulou Dimitra, Chrysikopoulou Vasiliki, Rampaouni Aikaterini, Plakidis Christos, Ofrydopoulou Anna, Shiels Katie, Saha Sushanta Kumar, Tsoupras Alexandros

机构信息

Hephaestus, Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, St Lukas, 65404 Kavala, Greece.

Centre for Applied Bioscience Research, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Moylish Park, V94 E8YF Limerick, Ireland.

出版信息

Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 Jan 29;14(2):164. doi: 10.3390/antiox14020164.

Abstract

Kefir-based fermentation products exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against oxidative stress, inflammation, platelet activation and aggregation, and other related manifestations, thereby preventing the onset and development of several chronic diseases. Specifically, water kefir, a symbiotic culture of various microorganisms used for the production of several bio-functional fermented products, has been proposed for its health-promoting properties. Thus, water kefir grains and its apple pomace-based fermentation beverage were studied for bioactive amphiphilic and lipophilic lipid compounds with antioxidant, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Total lipids (TL) were extracted and further separated into their total amphiphilic (TAC) and total lipophilic content (TLC), in which the total phenolic and carotenoid contents (TPC and TCC, respectively) and the fatty acid content of the polar lipids (PL) were quantified, while the antioxidant activity of both TAC and TLC were assessed in vitro, by the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP bioassays, along with the anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activity of TAC against human platelet aggregation induced by the thrombo-inflammatory mediator, platelet-activating factor (PAF) or standard platelet agonists like ADP.ATR-FTIR spectra facilitated the detection of specific structural, functional groups of phenolic, flavonoid, and carotenoid antioxidants, while LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of specific anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic PL bioactives bearing unsaturated fatty acids in their structures, with favorable omega-6 (-6)/omega-3 (-3)polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which further support the findings that the most potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic bioactivities were observed in the TAC extracts, in both water kefir grains and beverage cases. The detection of such bioactive components in both the uncultured water kefir grains and in the cultured beverage further supports the contribution of water kefir microorganisms to the bioactivity and the bio-functionality of the final fermented product. Nevertheless, the extracts of the beverage showed much stronger antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic activities, which further suggests that during the culture process for producing this beverage, not only was the presence of bioactive compounds produced by kefir microflora present, but biochemical alterations during fermentation of bioactive components derived from apple pomace also seemed to have taken place, contributing to the higher bio-functionality observed in the apple pomace-water kefir-based beverage, even when compared to the unfermented apple pomace. The overall findings support further studies on the use of water kefir and/or apple pomace as viable sources of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic amphiphilic bioactive compounds for the production of novel health-promoting bio-functional fermented products.

摘要

基于开菲尔的发酵产品对氧化应激、炎症、血小板活化和聚集以及其他相关表现具有抗氧化和抗炎作用,从而预防多种慢性疾病的发生和发展。具体而言,水开菲尔是用于生产多种生物功能发酵产品的多种微生物的共生培养物,因其促进健康的特性而受到关注。因此,对水开菲尔粒及其苹果渣基发酵饮料进行了研究,以寻找具有抗氧化、抗血栓和抗炎特性的生物活性两亲性和亲脂性脂质化合物。提取总脂质(TL)并进一步分离为总两亲性成分(TAC)和总亲脂性成分(TLC),其中定量了总酚类和类胡萝卜素含量(分别为TPC和TCC)以及极性脂质(PL)的脂肪酸含量,同时通过ABTS、DPPH和FRAP生物测定法在体外评估了TAC和TLC的抗氧化活性,以及TAC对由血栓炎症介质血小板活化因子(PAF)或标准血小板激动剂如ADP诱导的人血小板聚集的抗炎和抗血栓活性。衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)有助于检测酚类、黄酮类和类胡萝卜素抗氧化剂的特定结构和官能团,而液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)分析揭示了结构中含有不饱和脂肪酸的特定抗炎和抗血栓PL生物活性成分的存在,其具有有利的ω-6(-6)/ω-3(-3)多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),这进一步支持了以下发现:在水开菲尔粒和饮料中,TAC提取物中观察到了最有效的抗氧化、抗炎和抗血栓生物活性。在未培养的水开菲尔粒和培养的饮料中均检测到此类生物活性成分,这进一步证明了水开菲尔微生物对最终发酵产品的生物活性和生物功能的贡献。然而,饮料提取物表现出更强的抗氧化、抗炎和抗血栓活性,这进一步表明,在生产这种饮料的培养过程中,不仅存在开菲尔微生物群产生的生物活性化合物,而且苹果渣衍生的生物活性成分在发酵过程中似乎也发生了生化改变,这导致了基于苹果渣-水开菲尔的饮料中观察到更高的生物功能,即使与未发酵的苹果渣相比也是如此。总体研究结果支持进一步研究将水开菲尔和/或苹果渣用作抗氧化、抗炎和抗血栓两亲性生物活性化合物的可行来源,以生产新型促进健康的生物功能发酵产品。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/adb0/11851739/108feec99268/antioxidants-14-00164-g001.jpg

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