To screen out the bio-control soil microorganisms for preventing melon wilt, soil microbial compositions in rhizospheres between wilt-resistant and susceptible melon varieties were analyzed. The results showed that the soil fungal richness in rhizospheres of wilt-resistant melon varieties (MT) was significantly higher than that of wilt-susceptible melon varieties (MS). Additionally, in comparison with MS, soil bacterial compositions, such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, , etc., and the soil fungal compositions, such as , , , and , enriched; also, , , and decreased in rhizospheres of wilt-resistant melon varieties (MT). Moreover, , , and were the unique soil-dominant fungal genera in rhizospheres of MT. All the above results suggested that the soil bacterial communities, such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Acidibacter, , etc., and the soil fungal communities, such as , , , , , and , could be speculated as the potential soil bio-control microorganisms for preventing melon wilt.