Wang Jiun-Yi, Huang Kuang-Hua, Tai Chih-Jaan, Gau Shuo-Yan, Tsai Tung-Han, Wu Chun-Nan, Lee Chien-Ying
Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
In Vivo. 2025 Mar-Apr;39(2):1054-1066. doi: 10.21873/invivo.13910.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Studies have demonstrated that patients with HIV are at a higher risk of pneumonia (PJP). Epidemiological knowledge of the risk of PJP among patients with HIV infection is lacking. This study aimed to assess the risk of PJP among patients with HIV.
This cross-sectional study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. The participants were 18,929 patients with new-onset HIV infection from 2002 to 2015. Each patient was matched with four HIV-negative patients for age, sex, insured salary, urbanization status, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and year of enrollment. The logistic regression with adjustment for relevant variables was performed to analyze the risk of PJP among patients with HIV at the 3-year follow-up. Sensitivity analysis was performed to compare the risk of PJP among different cohorts (patients with chronic kidney disease) and at different follow-up periods (6-month, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up).
Patients with HIV had a higher risk of PJP [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=199.36; 95% confidence interval (CI)=119.47-332.66] than HIV-negative individuals at the 3-year follow-up. Male patients had a higher risk of PJP (aOR=1.62; 95%CI=1.18-2.24) than female patients. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had a higher risk of PJP (aOR=1.74; 95%CI=1.27-2.39) at the 3-year follow-up.
Patients with HIV had a higher risk of PJP. Male patients had a higher risk of PJP than female patients. The risk of PJP was higher among patients with COPD.
背景/目的：研究表明，艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者患肺炎（肺孢子菌肺炎，PJP）的风险更高。目前缺乏关于HIV感染患者发生PJP风险的流行病学知识。本研究旨在评估HIV感染患者发生PJP的风险。
本横断面研究使用了台湾国民健康保险研究数据库。研究对象为2002年至2015年期间18929例新发HIV感染患者。根据年龄、性别、投保薪资、城市化程度、查尔森合并症指数评分和入组年份，为每位患者匹配4名HIV阴性患者。在3年随访期，采用调整相关变量的逻辑回归分析HIV感染患者发生PJP的风险。进行敏感性分析，以比较不同队列（慢性肾脏病患者）和不同随访期（6个月、1年和2年随访）发生PJP的风险。
在3年随访期，HIV感染患者发生PJP的风险高于HIV阴性个体[调整优势比（aOR）=199.36；95%置信区间（CI）=119.47-332.66]。男性患者发生PJP的风险高于女性患者（aOR=1.62；95%CI=1.18-2.24）。在3年随访期，慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者发生PJP的风险更高（aOR=1.74；95%CI=1.27-2.39）。
HIV感染患者发生PJP的风险更高。男性患者发生PJP的风险高于女性患者。COPD患者发生PJP的风险更高。
