Zhang Bowen, Liu Weijia, Wang Jingrui, Zhang Lulu, Wang Ke, Wang Peixi
The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528200, China.
Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Feb 27;25(1):803. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-21915-0.
Currently, the association of sleep duration and daytime napping with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is still controversial. This study was designed to explore the association between sleep duration, daytime napping and MetS by age and sex in Chinese adults.
Data were obtained from the 2011 and 2015 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Participants with MetS at baseline or with missing data were excluded, leaving 2803 participants (≥ 45 years old) who completed follow-up and were included in the longitudinal analysis. Sleep duration and daytime napping were determined by self-reported questionnaires. Medical conditions, including MetS, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, were determined from a fasting blood specimen and physical exam at the baseline visit. Logistic regression models were performed to explore the longitudinal associations of baseline napping and sleep duration with MetS and its occurrence.
During a median follow-up period of 4 years, 616 participants (22.0%) developed new-onset MetS. Compared with non-napping, longer daytime napping (> 30 min/day) was significantly associated with the occurrence of MetS (OR: 1.247, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.554), and a significant association was still present after adjustment for each of the covariates. In the subgroup analysis, longer daytime napping (> 30 min/day) was also significantly associated with MetS in elderly females (OR: 1.946, 95% CI: 1.226, 3.090). Moreover, sleep duration was not significantly associated with MetS in our study.
A longer napping duration is associated with an increased risk of MetS in an older Chinese population, and this association differed according to sex.
目前，睡眠时间和日间小睡与代谢综合征（MetS）患病率之间的关联仍存在争议。本研究旨在探讨中国成年人中睡眠时间、日间小睡与按年龄和性别划分的MetS之间的关联。
数据来自中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）2011年和2015年的调查数据。排除基线时患有MetS或有缺失数据的参与者，共有2803名（≥45岁）完成随访的参与者被纳入纵向分析。睡眠时间和日间小睡通过自我报告问卷确定。包括MetS、血脂异常、高血压和糖尿病在内的医疗状况通过基线访视时的空腹血标本和体格检查确定。采用逻辑回归模型探讨基线小睡和睡眠时间与MetS及其发生的纵向关联。
在中位随访期4年期间，616名参与者（22.0%）出现新发MetS。与不午睡相比，较长的日间小睡（>30分钟/天）与MetS的发生显著相关（OR：1.247，95%CI：1.001，1.554），在对每个协变量进行调整后仍存在显著关联。在亚组分析中，较长的日间小睡（>30分钟/天）在老年女性中也与MetS显著相关（OR：1.946，95%CI：1.226，3.090）。此外，在我们的研究中，睡眠时间与MetS无显著关联。
在中国老年人群中，较长的小睡时间与MetS风险增加相关，且这种关联因性别而异。
