Sousa Marta, Machado Ana Beatriz, Pinheiro Marina, Pereira Bárbara, Caridade Sónia, Almeida Telma Catarina, Cruz Ana Rita, Cunha Olga
University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2025 Feb 28:15248380251320978. doi: 10.1177/15248380251320978.
Childhood and adolescence are crucial stages of life, characterized by significant changes that profoundly influence overall development. While positive childhood experiences (PCEs) can help mitigate the effects of adverse events during these formative years, they have not been as thoroughly researched. Then, this systematic review aims to address this gap by organizing the existing literature on PCEs and examining their impact on both positive and negative outcomes in children and adolescents. A search through databases such as B-On, PsycINFO, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Scielo, as well as supplementary searches, identified 30 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that most studies were published in the last 4 years, primarily in the USA, and focused on community populations with mixed samples. In addition, the results reveal that among children and adolescents, higher levels of PCEs were associated with better mental health outcomes (e.g., reduced depressive symptoms, anxiety, self-harm, substance use, and suicidal ideation), improved psychosocial outcomes (e.g., enhanced adult functioning and future orientation), better academic achievement (e.g., reduced absenteeism and fewer academic difficulties), and some improvements in physical health (e.g., reduced chronic pain). However, the relationship between PCEs and behavioral outcomes showed mixed results. Strengthening efforts to promote PCEs and resources that support child and adolescent resilience is crucial. Further research involving diverse samples is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the role of PCEs.
童年和青少年时期是人生的关键阶段，其特点是发生重大变化，对整体发育产生深远影响。虽然积极的童年经历（PCEs）有助于减轻这些成长阶段不良事件的影响，但对此的研究还不够深入。因此，本系统综述旨在通过整理关于PCEs的现有文献，并考察其对儿童和青少年积极和消极结果的影响，来填补这一空白。通过搜索B-On、PsycINFO、PubMed、SCOPUS和Scielo等数据库以及补充搜索，确定了30项符合纳入标准的研究。结果表明，大多数研究是在过去4年发表的，主要来自美国，且聚焦于混合样本的社区人群。此外，结果显示，在儿童和青少年中，较高水平的PCEs与更好的心理健康结果（如抑郁症状减轻、焦虑、自我伤害、物质使用和自杀意念减少）、改善的心理社会结果（如增强成人功能和未来导向）、更好的学业成绩（如缺勤率降低和学业困难减少）以及身体健康方面的一些改善（如慢性疼痛减轻）相关。然而，PCEs与行为结果之间的关系呈现出复杂的结果。加强促进PCEs的努力以及支持儿童和青少年恢复力的资源至关重要。需要开展涉及不同样本的进一步研究，以更深入地了解PCEs的作用。
