Dich Asmaâ, Abdelmoumene Waffa, Belyagoubi Larbi, Assadpour Elham, Belyagoubi Benhammou Nabila, Zhang Fuyuan, Jafari Seid Mahdi
Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe Sciences, University Abou-Bekr Belkaïd, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
Food Industry Research Co., Gorgan, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Mar;32(11):6349-6379. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36127-7. Epub 2025 Mar 1.
Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), a by-product of olive oil production, poses severe environmental challenges due to its toxicity, primarily caused by its high organic load and phenolic compounds, along with organic acids, lipids, and heavy metals. These components contribute to its elevated chemical and biological oxygen demand, making OMWW a persistent pollutant that necessitates urgent and effective treatment strategies. The ecological risks, including water contamination, soil degradation, and biodiversity loss, underscore the need for sustainable management approaches. This review explores the composition and toxicity of OMWW, examining advanced treatment technologies, e.g., bioremediation, membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes, and integrated systems that enhance efficiency while minimizing environmental impact. In addition, this study investigates the potential for OMWW valorization as a rich source of polyphenols with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. These bioactive compounds have significant economic value in industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods. By evaluating sustainable extraction techniques and integrating advanced treatments with economic valorization, OMWW can be transformed from an environmental pollutant into a valuable resource. Such integrated approaches support a circular economy within the olive oil industry, reducing its ecological footprint and fostering sustainable development.
橄榄油厂废水（OMWW）是橄榄油生产的副产品，因其毒性对环境构成严峻挑战，其毒性主要由高有机负荷、酚类化合物以及有机酸、脂质和重金属造成。这些成分导致其化学需氧量和生物需氧量升高，使OMWW成为一种持久性污染物，需要采取紧急有效的处理策略。包括水污染、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失在内的生态风险凸显了可持续管理方法的必要性。本综述探讨了OMWW的成分和毒性，研究了先进的处理技术，如生物修复、膜过滤、高级氧化工艺以及提高效率同时将环境影响降至最低的集成系统。此外，本研究还调查了将OMWW作为富含具有抗氧化、抗菌和抗炎特性的多酚来源进行增值利用的潜力。这些生物活性化合物在制药、化妆品和功能性食品等行业具有重要的经济价值。通过评估可持续提取技术并将先进处理与经济增值相结合，OMWW可以从环境污染物转变为有价值的资源。这种综合方法支持橄榄油行业的循环经济，减少其生态足迹并促进可持续发展。
