Wang Zhong, Lei Ziteng, Zhang Haijing, Liu Zheng, Chen Wei, Jia Yan, Shi Ruoyu, Wang Chengtao
School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China.
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 May 8;26(10):4470. doi: 10.3390/ijms26104470.
Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a potent phenolic compound derived from olives, has attracted significant attention due to its exceptional antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in the synthesis, biological functions, safety profiles, and legal regulations of HT. We discuss both natural and biotechnological synthesis routes, including enzyme-mediated, non-transgenic, and transgenic biosynthetic methods, highlighting recent innovations that have improved yield and purity. The review further explores the multifaceted biological activities of HT, ranging from its role in cardiovascular protection and neuroprotection to its anticancer and metabolic regulatory effects. Safety assessments from animal and human studies are analyzed, demonstrating low toxicity and favorable metabolic profiles at physiologically relevant doses. Additionally, we compare international regulatory frameworks from the United States, China, and the European Union, which underscore the compound's safe use in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Finally, the review outlines future research directions aimed at optimizing production methods, enhancing bioavailability, and addressing long-term toxicological outcomes, thereby reinforcing HT's potential as a high-value functional ingredient in various industries.
羟基酪醇（HT）是一种源自橄榄的强效酚类化合物，因其卓越的抗氧化、抗炎和抗菌特性而备受关注。本综述全面考察了羟基酪醇在合成、生物学功能、安全性概况及法律法规方面的最新进展。我们讨论了天然合成和生物技术合成路线，包括酶介导、非转基因和转基因生物合成方法，重点介绍了提高产量和纯度的近期创新成果。该综述进一步探讨了羟基酪醇多方面的生物活性，从其在心血管保护和神经保护中的作用到抗癌和代谢调节作用。分析了来自动物和人体研究的安全性评估，结果表明在生理相关剂量下毒性较低且代谢情况良好。此外，我们比较了美国、中国和欧盟的国际监管框架，这些框架强调了该化合物在食品、药品和化妆品中的安全使用。最后，该综述概述了未来的研究方向，旨在优化生产方法、提高生物利用度并解决长期毒理学问题，从而增强羟基酪醇作为各行业高价值功能成分的潜力。
