Ologundudu Oladipo T, Msagati Titus A M, Popoola Oluseun E, Edokpayi Joshua N
Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa.
College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, 1709 Johannesburg, South Africa.
ACS Omega. 2025 Feb 16;10(7):6279-6293. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01686. eCollection 2025 Feb 25.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a pollutant that has gained the attention of scientists globally because of its ubiquity in environmental matrices as well as its toxicity in the environment. It is listed as a priority pollutant in South Africa, capable of health risk impacts, which, according to the European Union, should not exceed 2.5 μg/L in water. In South Africa, historical data on its environmental occurrence is sparingly available, although research on BPA and other endocrine disruptors is currently gaining momentum. Surface, ground, and wastewater constitute the major proportion of the water sources that are prone to contamination by emerging pollutants such as BPA. In order to gain a holistic perspective of this chemical, a detailed review was carried out using over five hundred peer-reviewed articles that investigated the occurrence of BPA in South African aquatic systems. This study shows that Gauteng and Western Cape are the Provinces with the highest reported number of BPA occurrences in water. The data also shows that surface water constitutes 41% of all BPA articles while matrices like ponds and lagoons have no recorded studies. Its presence was attributed to anthropogenic activities such as the generation of domestic, agricultural, and industrial waste. Local application of removal techniques such as adsorption and photocatalysis on laboratory and field samples has shown good prospects (especially photocatalysis) in mitigating current challenges related to the occurrence of BPA. However, there is room for more innovative initiatives. Although there is a ban on the use of BPA for making baby bottles, additional regulations can be put in place regarding the use of BPA in making plastics or other packaging materials from which BPA can leach.
双酚A（BPA）是一种污染物，因其在环境基质中普遍存在以及对环境具有毒性，已引起全球科学家的关注。它在南非被列为优先污染物，可能对健康产生风险影响，根据欧盟规定，水中的双酚A含量不应超过2.5微克/升。在南非，关于其在环境中出现的历史数据很少，尽管目前对双酚A和其他内分泌干扰物的研究正在兴起。地表水、地下水和废水是容易受到双酚A等新兴污染物污染的主要水源。为了全面了解这种化学物质，我们使用了五百多篇同行评议文章进行了详细综述，这些文章研究了双酚A在南非水生系统中的出现情况。这项研究表明，豪登省和西开普省是报告水中双酚A出现次数最多的省份。数据还显示，地表水占所有关于双酚A文章的41%，而池塘和泻湖等基质则没有相关记录研究。其存在归因于人为活动，如生活、农业和工业废物的产生。在实验室和现场样本上局部应用吸附和光催化等去除技术，在缓解与双酚A出现相关的当前挑战方面显示出良好前景（尤其是光催化）。然而，仍有更多创新举措的空间。尽管已禁止使用双酚A制造婴儿奶瓶，但对于在制造塑料或其他可能会渗出双酚A的包装材料中使用双酚A，还可以制定更多法规。
