Ter Steege Hans, Poorter Lourens, Aguirre-Gutiérrez Jesús, Fortunel Claire, Magnusson William E, Phillips Oliver L, Pos Edwin, Luize Bruno Garcia, Baraloto Chris, Guevara Juan Ernesto, Endara María-José, Baker Tim R, Umaña Maria Natalia, van der Sande Masha, Pombo Maihyra Marina, McGlone Matt, Draper Freddie C, do Amaral Iêda Leão, Coelho Luiz de Souza, Wittmann Florian, Almeida Matos Francisca Dionízia de, Lima Filho Diógenes de Andrade, Salomão Rafael P, Castilho Carolina V, Carim Marcelo de Jesus Veiga, Piedade Maria Teresa Fernandez, Sabatier Daniel, Molino Jean-François, Demarchi Layon O, Cardenas Revilla Juan David, Schöngart Jochen, Irume Mariana Victória, Martins Maria Pires, da Silva Guimarães José Renan, Ramos José Ferreira, Bánki Olaf S, Quaresma Adriano Costa, Pitman Nigel C A, Peres Carlos A, de Jesus Rodrigues Domingos, Hawes Joseph E, Almeida Everton José, Barbosa Luciane Ferreira, Cavalheiro Larissa, Santos Márcia Cléia Vilela Dos, Leão Novo Evlyn Márcia Moraes de, Vargas Percy Núñez, Silva Thiago Sanna Freire, Venticinque Eduardo Martins, Manzatto Angelo Gilberto, Reis Neidiane Farias Costa, Terborgh John, Casula Katia Regina, Honorio Coronado Euridice N, Monteagudo Mendoza Abel, Carlos Montero Juan, De Souza Cintia Rodrigues, Oliveira Marcus Vinicio Neves de, Costa Flávia R C, Engel Julien, Feldpausch Ted R, Castaño Arboleda Nicolás, Durgante Flávia Machado, Zartman Charles Eugene, Killeen Timothy J, Marimon Beatriz S, Marimon-Junior Ben Hur, Vasquez Rodolfo, Mostacedo Bonifacio, Assis Rafael L, Amaral Dário Dantas do, Castellanos Hernán, Householder John Ethan, de Medeiros Marcelo Brilhante, Simon Marcelo Fragomeni, Andrade Ana, Camargo José Luís, Laurance Susan G W, Laurance William F, Rincón Lorena Maniguaje, Mori Gisele Biem, Schietti Juliana, Sousa Thaiane R, de Sousa Farias Emanuelle, Lopes Maria Aparecida, Magalhães José Leonardo Lima, Nascimento Henrique Eduardo Mendonça, de Queiroz Helder Lima, Vasconcelos Caroline C, Aymard C Gerardo A, Brienen Roel, Sousa Assis Pâmella Leite de, Gris Darlene, Ribeiro Karoline Aparecida Felix, Stevenson Pablo R, Araujo-Murakami Alejandro, Cintra Bruno Barçante Ladvocat, Feitosa Yuri Oliveira, Mogollón Hugo F, Silman Miles R, Ferreira Leandro Valle, Lozada José Rafael, Comiskey James A, de Toledo José Julio, Damasco Gabriel, García-Villacorta Roosevelt, Lopes Aline, Rios Paredes Marcos, Vicentini Alberto, Vieira Ima Célia Guimarães, Cornejo Valverde Fernando, Alonso Alfonso, Arroyo Luzmila, Dallmeier Francisco, Gomes Vitor H F, Huari William Nauray, Neill David, Peñuela Mora Maria Cristina, de Aguiar Daniel P P, Barbosa Flávia Rodrigues, Bredin Yennie K, de Sá Carpanedo Rainiellen, Carvalho Fernanda Antunes, de Souza Fernanda Coelho, Feeley Kenneth J, Gribel Rogerio, Haugaasen Torbjørn, Noronha Janaína Costa, Pansonato Marcelo Petratti, Pipoly John J, Barlow Jos, Berenguer Erika, Silva Izaias Brasil da, Ferreira Joice, Ferreira Maria Julia, Fine Paul V A, Guedes Marcelino Carneiro, Levis Carolina, Carlos Licona Juan, Zegarra Boris Eduardo Villa, Vos Vincent Antoine, Cerón Carlos, Fonty Émile, Henkel Terry W, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco Isau, Silveira Marcos, Stropp Juliana, Thomas Raquel, Daly Doug, Dexter Kyle G, Milliken William, Molina Guido Pardo, Pennington Toby, Albuquerque Bianca Weiss, Campelo Wegliane, Claros Alfredo Fuentes, Klitgaard Bente, Pena José Luis Marcelo, Montenegro Luis Torres, Tello J Sebastián, Vriesendorp Corine, Chave Jerome, Di Fiore Anthony, Hilário Renato Richard, de Oliveira Pereira Luciana, Phillips Juan Fernando, Rivas-Torres Gonzalo, van Andel Tinde R, Hildebrand Patricio von, Balee William, Barbosa Edelcilio Marques, Bonates Luiz Carlos de Matos, Dávila Doza Hilda Paulette, Zárate Gómez Ricardo, Gonzales George Pepe Gallardo, Gonzales Therany, Hoffman Bruce, Junqueira André Braga, Malhi Yadvinder, Miranda Ires Paula de Andrade, Pinto Linder Felipe Mozombite, Prieto Adriana, Rudas Agustín, Ruschel Ademir R, Silva Natalino, Vela César I A, Zent Egleé L, Zent Stanford, Cano Angela, Carrero Márquez Yrma Andreina, Correa Diego F, Costa Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa, Flores Bernardo Monteiro, Galbraith David, Holmgren Milena, Kalamandeen Michelle, Lobo Guilherme, Mori Vargas Tony, Nascimento Marcelo Trindade, Oliveira Alexandre A, Ramirez-Angulo Hirma, Rocha Maira, Scudeller Veridiana Vizoni, Heijden Geertje van der, Torre Emilio Vilanova, Baider Cláudia, Balslev Henrik, Cárdenas Sasha, Casas Luisa Fernanda, Farfan-Rios William, Linares-Palomino Reynaldo, Mendoza Casimiro, Mesones Italo, Parada Germaine Alexander, Torres-Lezama Armando, Villarroel Daniel, Zagt Roderick, Alexiades Miguel N, de Oliveira Edmar Almeida, Fortier Riley P, Garcia-Cabrera Karina, Hernandez Lionel, Cuenca Walter Palacios, Pansini Susamar, Pauletto Daniela, Arevalo Freddy Ramirez, Sampaio Adeilza Felipe, Valderrama Sandoval Elvis H, Gamarra Luis Valenzuela, Levesley Aurora, Pickavance Georgia
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.
Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
Commun Biol. 2025 Mar 3;8(1):355. doi: 10.1038/s42003-025-07768-8.
Plants cope with the environment by displaying large phenotypic variation. Two spectra of global plant form and function have been identified: a size spectrum from small to tall species with increasing stem tissue density, leaf size, and seed mass; a leaf economics spectrum reflecting slow to fast returns on investments in leaf nutrients and carbon. When species assemble to communities it is assumed that these spectra are filtered by the environment to produce community level functional composition. It is unknown what are the main drivers for community functional composition in a large area such as Amazonia. We use 13 functional traits, including wood density, seed mass, leaf characteristics, breeding system, nectar production, fruit type, and root characteristics of 812 tree genera (5211 species), and find that they describe two main axes found at the global scale. At community level, the first axis captures not only the 'fast-slow spectrum', but also most size-related traits. Climate and disturbance explain a minor part of this variance compared to soil fertility. Forests on poor soils differ largely in terms of trait values from those on rich soils. Trait composition and soil fertility exert a strong influence on forest functioning: biomass and relative biomass production.
植物通过表现出巨大的表型变异来应对环境。已确定了全球植物形态和功能的两个谱：一个是从小型到大型物种的大小谱，其茎组织密度、叶大小和种子质量不断增加；另一个是叶经济谱，反映了叶养分和碳投资回报从慢到快的变化。当物种聚集形成群落时，假定这些谱会受到环境过滤，从而产生群落水平的功能组成。在亚马逊这样的大面积区域，群落功能组成的主要驱动因素尚不清楚。我们使用了13个功能性状，包括812个树木属（5211个物种）的木材密度、种子质量、叶特征、繁殖系统、花蜜产量、果实类型和根特征，发现它们描述了在全球尺度上发现的两个主要轴。在群落水平上，第一个轴不仅捕获了“快-慢谱”，还捕获了大多数与大小相关的性状。与土壤肥力相比，气候和干扰对这种变异的解释作用较小。贫瘠土壤上的森林在性状值方面与肥沃土壤上的森林有很大差异。性状组成和土壤肥力对森林功能（生物量和相对生物量生产）有强烈影响。
