Huang Shuangbo, Li Jinfeng, Ye Hongxuan, Huang Zihao, Wu Junyi, Liu Liudan, Ma Shuo, Luo Hefeng, Wei Tanghong, Liu Kai, Deng Jinping, Liu Dingfa, Tan Chengquan
State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Dekon Food and Agriculture Group, Chengdu 610225, China.
Anim Nutr. 2024 Nov 30;20:355-365. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.10.007. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Maternal proline (Pro) supplementation enhances fetal survival and placental development in mice. However, the effect of Pro on fetal and placental development in gilts remains to be investigated, particularly in the context of obesity-induced impaired pregnancy. Here, we investigated the effect of dietary Pro on fetal and placental development in obese gilts. Exp.1: On day 60 of gestation, 48 gilts with similar delivery times were selected and followed up until delivery to determine the relationship between maternal obesity, litter performance, and Pro abundance in term placentae. The results showed that impaired reproductive performance was associated with body condition parameters and inadequate placental Pro availability of gilts. Exp. 2: A total of 114 gilts were then used in a 2 × 3 factorial design to investigate the interaction between body condition (factor I: normal or obese gilts) and dietary Pro levels (factor II: low [0.89%, L-Pro], medium [1.39%, M-Pro], and high [1.89%, H-Pro]) on farrowing performance and placental angiogenesis. This resulted in six treatment combinations: normal-L-Pro, obese-L-Pro, normal-M-Pro, obese-M-Pro, normal-H-Pro, and obese-H-Pro. The effective number of replicates per group was 17, 21, 19, 21, 18, and 18, respectively (1 gilt per replicate). The results showed that increasing Pro intake increased piglet birth weight ( = 0.001), litter weight ( < 0.001), placental efficiency ( = 0.036) and placental vascular density ( < 0.001), and decreased the number of mummified fetuses ( = 0.001), the rate of low-birth-weight piglets ( = 0.005), and the rate of invalid piglets ( = 0.029). Interaction effects were observed between body condition and dietary Pro levels on piglet birth weight ( = 0.046), within-litter birth weight variation ( = 0.012), and placental vascular density ( = 0.007). Moreover, the beneficial effect of Pro on farrowing performance may be related to the improvement of sirtuin 1-superoxide dismutase 2-mitochondrial reactive oxygen species axis homeostasis and angiogenesis in the placenta. Our results suggest that gestation diets need to provide adequate Pro to meet the needs of fetal and placental development, particularly in obese gilts.
母体补充脯氨酸（Pro）可提高小鼠胎儿存活率并促进胎盘发育。然而，Pro对后备母猪胎儿和胎盘发育的影响仍有待研究，尤其是在肥胖导致妊娠受损的情况下。在此，我们研究了日粮Pro对肥胖后备母猪胎儿和胎盘发育的影响。实验1：在妊娠第60天，选择48头分娩时间相近的后备母猪并随访至分娩，以确定母体肥胖、窝产性能与足月胎盘Pro丰度之间的关系。结果表明，繁殖性能受损与后备母猪的体况参数及胎盘Pro供应不足有关。实验2：随后，共114头后备母猪用于2×3析因设计，以研究体况（因素I：正常或肥胖后备母猪）和日粮Pro水平（因素II：低[0.89%，L-Pro]、中[1.39%，M-Pro]和高[1.89%，H-Pro]）对产仔性能和胎盘血管生成的相互作用。这产生了六种处理组合：正常-L-Pro、肥胖-L-Pro、正常-M-Pro、肥胖-M-Pro、正常-H-Pro和肥胖-H-Pro。每组的有效重复数分别为17、21、19、21、18和18（每个重复1头后备母猪）。结果表明，增加Pro摄入量可提高仔猪出生体重（P = 0.001）、窝重（P < 0.001）、胎盘效率（P = 0.036）和胎盘血管密度（P < 0.001），并减少木乃伊化胎儿数量（P = 0.001）、低出生体重仔猪比例（P = 0.005）和无效仔猪比例（P = 0.029）。在仔猪出生体重（P = 0.046）、窝内出生体重变异（P = 0.012）和胎盘血管密度（P = 0.007）方面，观察到体况和日粮Pro水平之间存在交互作用。此外，Pro对产仔性能的有益作用可能与改善胎盘组织中沉默调节蛋白1-超氧化物歧化酶2-线粒体活性氧轴的稳态及血管生成有关。我们的结果表明，妊娠日粮需要提供足够的Pro以满足胎儿和胎盘发育的需求，尤其是在肥胖后备母猪中。
