Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, and.
School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Co. Dublin, Ireland.
J Anim Sci. 2019 Oct 3;97(10):4208-4218. doi: 10.1093/jas/skz268.
This study evaluated the effects of l-carnitine (CAR) and sugar beet pulp (SBP) inclusion in gilt gestation diets on gilt live weight, cortisol concentration, lactation feed intake, and lifetime growth of progeny. Eighty-four pregnant gilts (Large White × Landrace) were randomly assigned to a treatment at day 38 of gestation until parturition; Control (0% SBP, 0 g CAR), CAR (0.125 g/d CAR), SBP (40% SBP), and SBP plus CAR (40% SBP, 0.125 g/d CAR). Gilts were weighed and back-fat depth was recorded on day 38, day 90, and day 108 of gestation and at weaning. Gilt saliva samples were collected pre-farrowing and fecal consistency was scored from entry to the farrowing room until day 5 post-partum. The number of piglets born (total, live, and stillborn) and individual birth weight was recorded. Piglet blood glucose concentration was measured 24 h post-partum and pigs were weighed on day 1, day 6, day 14, day 26, day 76, day 110, and day 147 of life. Carcass data were collected at slaughter. There was no interaction between CAR and SBP for any variable measured. The SBP-fed gilts were heavier on day 90 and day 108 of gestation (P < 0.05) and lost more weight during lactation (P < 0.05) than control gilts. They also had a greater fecal consistency score (P < 0.01). Total farrowing duration, piglet birth interval, and lactation feed intakes were similar between treatments (P > 0.05). The number of piglets born (total, live, and stillborn) and piglet birth weight was likewise similar between treatments (P > 0.05). Piglets from CAR-fed gilts had lower blood glucose concentrations (P < 0.01), while piglets from SBP-fed gilts had greater blood glucose concentrations (P < 0.01). Piglets from CAR gilts had a lower average daily gain between day 1 and day 6 (P < 0.05) and day 14 and day 26 post-partum (P < 0.05) compared to piglets from control gilts. However, CAR gilts weaned a greater number of pigs (P = 0.07). Live weight and carcass weight at slaughter were heavier for pigs from CAR gilts (P < 0.05) and from SBP gilts (P < 0.05). Pigs from CAR gilts (P < 0.01) and SBP gilts (P < 0.05) had increased carcass muscle depth. In conclusion, no benefit was found from the combined feeding of CAR and SBP. Fed separately, CAR increased the live weight, carcass weight, and muscle depth of progeny at slaughter. Feeding a high SBP diet increased fecal consistency in gilts pre-farrowing and increased live weight and carcass muscle depth of progeny.
本研究评估了在妊娠母猪日粮中添加左旋肉碱（CAR）和甜菜浆（SBP）对母猪活重、皮质醇浓度、哺乳期采食量和后代终生生长的影响。84 头妊娠母猪（长白 × 大约克夏）在妊娠第 38 天至分娩时随机分配到一个处理组；对照组（0% SBP，0 g CAR）、CAR 组（0.125 g/d CAR）、SBP 组（40% SBP）和 SBP 加 CAR 组（40% SBP，0.125 g/d CAR）。母猪在妊娠第 38 天、第 90 天和第 108 天以及断奶时称重并记录背膘厚度。在分娩前采集母猪唾液样本，并从进入分娩室到产后第 5 天对粪便稠度进行评分。记录出生仔猪总数（总产仔数、活产仔数和死产仔数）和个体出生体重。产后 24 小时测量仔猪血糖浓度，仔猪在第 1、6、14、26、76、110 和 147 天进行称重。屠宰时收集胴体数据。CAR 和 SBP 对所测量的任何变量都没有交互作用。与对照组母猪相比，SBP 组母猪在妊娠第 90 天和第 108 天体重增加（P < 0.05），哺乳期体重减轻（P < 0.05）。它们的粪便稠度评分也更高（P < 0.01）。不同处理组之间的总分娩持续时间、仔猪出生间隔和哺乳期采食量相似（P > 0.05）。总产仔数（总产仔数、活产仔数和死产仔数）和仔猪出生体重也相似（P > 0.05）。CAR 组母猪所产仔猪血糖浓度较低（P < 0.01），而 SBP 组母猪所产仔猪血糖浓度较高（P < 0.01）。与对照组母猪相比，CAR 组母猪所产仔猪在产后第 1 天至第 6 天（P < 0.05）和第 14 天至第 26 天（P < 0.05）的平均日增重较低。然而，CAR 组母猪断奶的仔猪数量更多（P = 0.07）。与对照组母猪相比，CAR 组母猪和 SBP 组母猪所产仔猪的活重和屠宰体重均较重（P < 0.05）。CAR 组母猪（P < 0.01）和 SBP 组母猪（P < 0.05）所产仔猪的胴体肌肉深度增加。总之，同时添加 CAR 和 SBP 没有发现益处。单独添加 CAR 增加了后代在屠宰时的活重、胴体重和肌肉深度。饲喂高 SBP 日粮增加了母猪分娩前的粪便稠度，并增加了后代的活重和胴体肌肉深度。
