加纳一家三级医疗机构医护人员预防乙型和丙型肝炎的意向
Intentions for the prevention of hepatitis B and C among healthcare workers in a tertiary facility in Ghana.
作者信息
Cofie Yvonne Naa Duaba, Senoo-Dogbey Vivian Efua, Kennedy Brightson Tettey Coffie, Tetteh Moses Drah, Mensah Michael Matey
机构信息
Ghana College of Nurses and Midwives, Accra, Ghana.
Shai-Osudoku District Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana.
出版信息
IJID Reg. 2025 Feb 1;14:100590. doi: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100590. eCollection 2025 Mar.
OBJECTIVES
Hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV, respectively) infections pose a significant occupational hazard to healthcare workers (HCWs) globally, with increased risk due to exposure to blood and body fluids. In Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana, the prevalence of these infections among HCWs remains high, despite existing prevention measures. Understanding the factors influencing HCWs' preventive behaviors is crucial for developing effective interventions to reduce transmission risks in healthcare settings. This study aimed to assess HBV and HCV prevention intentions and related factors among HCWs at a tertiary hospital in Ghana.
METHODS
This cross-sectional, facility-based study was conducted using a quantitative approach. Two hundred HCWs were selected using stratified random sampling. The Theory of Planned Behavior was used as a conceptual framework to determine the behavioral intentions of HCWs toward the prevention of hepatitis B and C. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the internal consistency of the scales.
RESULTS
Attitudes toward prevention were generally poor (M = 1.56 ± 0.56) and did not significantly influence preventive behaviors (β = 0.056, = 0.427). Subjective norms showed a moderate positive influence (M = 3.14 ± 0.64, β = 0.208, = 0.003). Self-efficacy emerged as the strongest predictor of preventive behaviors (M = 3.44 ± 0.59, β = 0.566, 0.001), followed by behavioral intentions (M = 3.55 ± 0.63, β = 0.321, 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Interventions aimed at enhancing self-efficacy and leveraging subjective norms may be most effective in improving HBV and HCV preventive behaviors among HCWs. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of targeted prevention strategies in healthcare settings, particularly in the Ghanaian context.
目的
乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒（分别为HBV和HCV）感染对全球医护人员构成重大职业危害，因接触血液和体液而导致感染风险增加。在包括加纳在内的撒哈拉以南非洲地区，尽管存在预防措施，但医护人员中这些感染的患病率仍然很高。了解影响医护人员预防行为的因素对于制定有效的干预措施以降低医疗机构中的传播风险至关重要。本研究旨在评估加纳一家三级医院医护人员对HBV和HCV的预防意愿及相关因素。
方法
本横断面、基于机构的研究采用定量方法进行。通过分层随机抽样选取了200名医护人员。计划行为理论被用作概念框架，以确定医护人员对预防乙型和丙型肝炎的行为意图。使用结构化问卷收集数据，并采用描述性统计、相关性分析和多元线性回归进行分析。Cronbach's alpha用于评估量表的内部一致性。
结果
对预防的态度普遍较差（M = 1.56 ± 0.56），且对预防行为没有显著影响（β = 0.056，p = 0.427）。主观规范显示出中等程度的积极影响（M = 3.14 ± 0.64，β = 0.208，p = 0.003）。自我效能感是预防行为的最强预测因素（M = 3.44 ± 0.59，β = 0.566，p < 0.001），其次是行为意图（M = 3.55 ± 0.63，β = 0.321，p < 0.001）。
结论
旨在提高自我效能感并利用主观规范的干预措施可能最有效地改善医护人员对HBV和HCV的预防行为。这些发现为医疗机构中针对性预防策略的制定提供了有价值的见解，特别是在加纳的背景下。
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