Irwin D E, Pachella R G
Am J Psychol. 1985 Spring;98(1):85-100.
Visual similarity, stimulus probability, and stimulus contrast were manipulated in two memory-scanning experiments to determine how stimulus probability affects encoding. Two hypotheses were tested: The first, a featural facilitation hypothesis, localizes the effect of stimulus probability on feature extraction; the second claims that stimulus probability has its effect on stimulus recognition. In both experiments, visual similarity was found to slow encoding, particularly under low-contrast conditions. This effect was larger for low probability stimuli than for high probability stimuli and increased as the difference in probability between two visually similar stimuli increased. These results are inconsistent with the featural facilitation hypothesis, but can be explained in terms of differential priming of internal recognition responses for members of the stimulus set, such that more probable members are more easily recognized.
在两项记忆扫描实验中，对视觉相似度、刺激概率和刺激对比度进行了操控，以确定刺激概率如何影响编码。检验了两个假设：第一个是特征促进假设，该假设将刺激概率的影响定位在特征提取上；第二个假设声称刺激概率对刺激识别有影响。在两项实验中，均发现视觉相似度会减慢编码速度，尤其是在低对比度条件下。这种影响在低概率刺激下比在高概率刺激下更大，并且随着两个视觉相似刺激之间概率差异的增加而增大。这些结果与特征促进假设不一致，但可以用刺激集成员的内部识别反应的差异启动来解释，即更可能出现的成员更容易被识别。
