Wiersema Anna F, Rennenberg Alyssa, Smith Grace, Varderidou-Minasian Suzy, Pasterkamp R Jeroen
Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024 Dec 3;81(1):479. doi: 10.1007/s00018-024-05522-7.
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) affect millions of people worldwide. Curative treatment for these neurodegenerative disorders is still lacking and therefore a further understanding of their cause and progression is urgently needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles loaded with cargo, such as proteins and miRNAs, that are released by cells and play an important role in intercellular communication. Intercellular communication through EVs can contribute to the spread of pathological proteins, such as amyloid-beta and tau, or cause pathogenesis through other mechanisms. In addition, EVs may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and for monitoring disease progression. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the role of EVs in AD, ALS an PD with an emphasis on dysregulated cargo in each disease. We highlight shared dysregulated cargo between these diseases, discuss underlying pathways, and outline future implications for therapeutic strategies.
神经退行性疾病，如阿尔茨海默病（AD）、肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）和帕金森病（PD），影响着全球数百万人。目前仍缺乏针对这些神经退行性疾病的治愈性治疗方法，因此迫切需要进一步了解其病因和进展。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是装载有蛋白质和微小RNA等物质的纳米级囊泡，由细胞释放，在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。通过细胞外囊泡进行的细胞间通讯可能有助于病理性蛋白质（如β-淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白）的传播，或通过其他机制引发发病。此外，细胞外囊泡可能作为诊断和监测疾病进展的潜在生物标志物。在本综述中，我们总结并讨论了我们对细胞外囊泡在阿尔茨海默病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和帕金森病中的作用的最新认识，重点关注每种疾病中失调的物质。我们强调了这些疾病之间共同失调的物质，讨论了潜在的途径，并概述了治疗策略的未来意义。
