Bird Stephen Richard, Troynikov Olga, Watson Chris, Cohen Marc, Sostaric Simon
School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Front Sports Act Living. 2025 Feb 18;7:1514963. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1514963. eCollection 2025.
Formula One and other motor car racing drivers race for prolonged periods in hot conditions wearing protective apparel that impairs heat loss. They are thus at risk of a significantly elevated core temperature. The aims of this study were to determine whether the voluntary ingestion of cold fluid aided thermoregulation more effectively than the voluntary ingestion of ambient temperature fluid in a simulated motor racing environment.
Eight male participants commenced two 120-min simulated motor racing trials in an environmental chamber (40°C, 50% humidity). During one trial they were provided with 1 L of ambient temperature water (AWT), whilst in the other trial the water temperature was ∼5°C (CWT). A drinking schedule of "1 sip every four minutes" was advocated. Participant core temperature, skin temperature and heart rate were recorded continuously, whilst thermal comfort, response time and cognitive function were assessed at 30-min intervals.
All participants successfully completed their CWT, but only two completed the full 120-mins of their AWT (AWT trial duration ranged from 80 to 120 min). Despite encouragement to drink more, both the rate of consumption (AWT 333 ± 103 v CWT 436 ± 99 ml/h) and total volume of water consumed (AWT 585 ± 233 v CWT 872 ± 198 ml) were less in the AWT ( < 0.005). At the 75-min point of the trials, participant core temperatures had increased by 1.26 ± 0.29 in AWT and 0.81 ± 0.30 in CWT. Furthermore, at the point of trial cessation, core temperature in the AWT had increased by 1.69 ± 0.36°C, but only 1.17 ± 0.52°C in the CWT ( < 0.05). Participants reported less discomfort and a lower rating of perceived exertion during the CWT. In both trials, response time to the cognitive test decreased as the trials progressed, with no evident difference in response time nor cognitive function between the two trials.
The ingestion of cold water was associated with an ability to continue with volitional performance and associated with an ameliorated increase in core temperature as well as providing psychological benefits of cold "refreshment".
一级方程式赛车及其他赛车手在炎热环境中长时间比赛时会穿着妨碍散热的防护服。因此，他们面临核心体温显著升高的风险。本研究的目的是确定在模拟赛车环境中，主动摄入冷水是否比主动摄入常温液体更有效地辅助体温调节。
八名男性参与者在环境舱（40°C，湿度50%）中开始进行两项120分钟的模拟赛车试验。在一项试验中，为他们提供1升常温的水（AWT），而在另一项试验中，水温约为5°C（CWT）。提倡采用“每四分钟喝一小口”的饮水计划。持续记录参与者的核心体温、皮肤温度和心率，同时每隔30分钟评估热舒适度、反应时间和认知功能。
所有参与者都成功完成了冷水试验，但只有两人完成了常温试验的完整120分钟（常温试验持续时间为80至120分钟）。尽管鼓励多喝，但常温试验中的饮水速率（AWT 333±103对比CWT 436±99毫升/小时）和总饮水量（AWT 585±233对比CWT 872±198毫升）都更低（P<0.005）。在试验的75分钟时，常温试验中参与者的核心体温升高了1.26±0.29，冷水试验中升高了0.81±0.30。此外，在试验结束时，常温试验中的核心体温升高了1.69±0.36°C，而冷水试验中仅升高了1.17±0.52°C（P<0.05）。参与者表示在冷水试验中不适感较轻，自觉用力程度较低。在两项试验中，随着试验进行，认知测试的反应时间均缩短，两项试验之间的反应时间和认知功能均无明显差异。
摄入冷水与能够继续进行意志性运动表现相关，与核心体温升高幅度的改善相关，并且能带来凉爽“提神”的心理益处。
