Istituto di Entomologia e Patologia Vegetale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
Pest Manag Sci. 2011 Apr;67(4):458-65. doi: 10.1002/ps.2084. Epub 2011 Jan 6.
A 6 year study was conducted to evaluate the possible support of pesticides in mitigating mycotoxin contamination in maize grown in northern Italy. Different pesticides to control Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (ECB), Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenb. and Aspergillus flavus Link were considered to check their efficacy and the best schedule to reduce fumonisin and aflatoxin contamination.
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) contamination at harvest has been reduced by ECB control, while the addition of ingredients targeted to F. verticillioides gave a limited advantage, mainly with low FB1 contamination; nevertheless, fusaria control is relevant in high-risk conditions, when FB1 is likely to exceed the legal limit. The combination of fungal and pest control in a single spray at silk browning stage (BBCH 67) is the best way of application. These results are robust because they were obtained in a 6 year trial, with relevant differences in meteorological conditions, ECB and fungal presence and mycotoxin contamination.
Insecticides have been shown to give advantages in their application, while the low FB1 contamination in the final years of the study did not lead to conclusive data on the advantage of adding a fungicide. Chemicals applied did not modify A. flavus incidence or aflatoxin contamination (only detected in trace amounts).
进行了一项为期 6 年的研究，以评估农药在减轻意大利北部种植的玉米中真菌毒素污染方面的可能作用。考虑使用不同的农药来防治欧洲玉米螟（ECB）、串珠镰刀菌（Sacc.）和黄曲霉（Link），以检查其效果以及减少伏马菌素和黄曲霉毒素污染的最佳方案。
ECB 防治可降低收获时的伏马菌素 B1（FB1）污染，而针对镰刀菌的添加成分的效果有限，主要是在 FB1 污染较低的情况下；然而，在 FB1 可能超过法定限量的高风险情况下，控制镰刀菌很重要。在丝变黑阶段（BBCH 67）将真菌和虫害防治结合在单次喷雾中是最佳的应用方式。这些结果是可靠的，因为它们是在为期 6 年的试验中获得的，期间气象条件、ECB 和真菌的存在以及真菌毒素污染存在显著差异。
杀虫剂的应用显示出优势，而在研究的最后几年 FB1 污染较低，这并没有得出添加杀菌剂具有优势的结论性数据。所使用的化学品并未改变黄曲霉的发病率或黄曲霉毒素污染（仅检测到痕量）。
