Malin Igra Annachiara, Ekström Sandra, Andersson Niklas, Ljungman Petter, Melén Erik, Kull Inger, Risérus Ulf, Bergström Anna
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2025 Mar;121(3):558-566. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.029. Epub 2025 Feb 7.
PUFAs, especially from vegetable fat sources, have been suggested to contribute to weight regulation and be protective to cardiometabolic health. However, a few longitudinal studies on childhood exposure are available, with short follow-up time and conflicting results.
To study the relationship between plasma proportions of PUFA in childhood and adolescence and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adulthood, such as obesity, body composition, blood pressure (BP), and blood lipids in a prospective cohort study.
We included n = 688 participants of the BAMSE (Barn, Allergi, Miljö, Stockholm, Epidemiologi) cohort in Stockholm, Sweden, with data on plasma phospholipid proportions of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids [α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, docosapentaenoic acid, DHA, linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA)] at 8 and 16 y and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass %, BP, and blood lipids at 24 y. Associations between PUFAs and cardiometabolic health outcomes were assessed with sex-stratified multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic regression models.
In females, LA and ALA at 16 y were inversely associated with BMI [B: -0.35 (-0.54, -0.17) and B: -6.1 (-11, -1.5), respectively], and similarly with waist circumference and fat mass at 24 y. Also in females, LA was inversely associated with BP, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol), and total cholesterol (e.g., B -0.044 [-0.079, -0.0099] for LA at 16 y and LDL-cholesterol), whereas ALA was only inversely associated with LDL-cholesterol. No associations were found between long chain n-3 fatty acids or AA and any of the studied outcomes.
Plasma phospholipid proportions of LA and ALA, biomarkers of vegetable oil intake, during childhood and adolescence were inversely associated with measures of obesity and cardiometabolic health in young adulthood, with a potential sex difference. These findings accord with short-term feeding trials suggesting a possible preventive role of LA on body fat accumulation.
多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs），尤其是来自植物油来源的，已被认为有助于体重调节并对心脏代谢健康具有保护作用。然而，关于儿童期暴露的纵向研究较少，随访时间短且结果相互矛盾。
在一项前瞻性队列研究中，研究儿童期和青少年期血浆中PUFAs比例与年轻成年期心脏代谢危险因素之间的关系，如肥胖、身体成分、血压（BP）和血脂。
我们纳入了瑞典斯德哥尔摩BAMSE（儿童、过敏、环境、斯德哥尔摩、流行病学）队列的688名参与者，他们有8岁和16岁时血浆磷脂中n-3和n-6脂肪酸[α-亚麻酸（ALA）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、二十二碳五烯酸（DHA）、亚油酸（LA）和花生四烯酸（AA）]的比例数据，以及24岁时的体重指数（BMI）、腰围、体脂百分比、血压和血脂数据。使用按性别分层的多变量调整线性和逻辑回归模型评估PUFAs与心脏代谢健康结果之间的关联。
在女性中，16岁时的LA和ALA与BMI呈负相关[B值分别为-0.35（-0.54，-0.17）和-6.1（-11，-1.5）]，24岁时的腰围和体脂情况也类似。同样在女性中，LA与血压、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和总胆固醇呈负相关（例如，16岁时LA与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇相关的B值为-0.044[-0.079，-0.0099]），而ALA仅与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关。未发现长链n-3脂肪酸或AA与任何研究结果之间存在关联。
儿童期和青少年期血浆磷脂中LA和ALA的比例，作为植物油摄入的生物标志物，与年轻成年期的肥胖和心脏代谢健康指标呈负相关，可能存在性别差异。这些发现与短期喂养试验一致，表明LA对身体脂肪积累可能具有预防作用。
