Adhanom Rutha, Ansbro Brandon, Castelo-Soccio Leslie
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Pediatr Dermatol. 2025 Mar;42 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):12-23. doi: 10.1111/pde.15803.
This contemporary scoping narrative review examines the epidemiology of pediatric alopecia areata (AA), focusing on incidence, prevalence, racial and ethnic differences, and comorbidities. Articles containing original epidemiology on pediatric AA published between 2013 and 2024 were identified. From these studies, the estimated US child and adolescent incidence of AA is between 13.6 and 33.5 per 100,000 person-years, and the prevalence of AA is between 0.04% and 0.11%. Incidence and prevalence rates vary widely by geographic region and nation. A general pattern of highest estimated lifetime prevalence in North African and Middle Eastern nations, followed by high-income North American countries, then by Asian and Western European nations, and, lastly, by Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa emerged. Though infrequently reported, racial and ethnic differences were noted in the largest pediatric-specific studies: Hispanic/Latino, Black, and Asian children were affected by AA at higher rates compared to those who self-identify as White/Caucasian. AA carried a high burden of comorbidities, including atopic disease, vitiligo, mental illness, and thyroid conditions. The existing pediatric epidemiology can help identify potential disparities in care and guide additional research, advocacy, and policy.
这篇当代的范围界定性叙述性综述研究了儿童斑秃（AA）的流行病学，重点关注发病率、患病率、种族和民族差异以及合并症。确定了2013年至2024年间发表的包含儿童斑秃原始流行病学数据的文章。从这些研究中可知，美国儿童和青少年斑秃的估计发病率为每10万人年13.6至33.5例，患病率为0.04%至0.11%。发病率和患病率因地理区域和国家的不同而有很大差异。出现了一种总体模式，即北非和中东国家的终身患病率估计最高，其次是高收入的北美国家，然后是亚洲和西欧国家，最后是拉丁美洲和撒哈拉以南非洲。尽管报道较少，但在规模最大的特定儿童研究中发现了种族和民族差异：与自我认定为白人/高加索人的儿童相比，西班牙裔/拉丁裔、黑人及亚裔儿童受斑秃影响的比例更高。斑秃伴有包括特应性疾病、白癜风、精神疾病和甲状腺疾病在内的多种合并症。现有的儿童流行病学研究有助于识别潜在的护理差异，并为进一步的研究、宣传和政策提供指导。
