Oliva-Nacarino Pedro, Simal Antuña Marina, Santos Varela Carmen, Villafani Echazú Javier, Fernández Domínguez Jessica, García Rodríguez Raquel, Oterino Durán Agustín, Suarez Santos Patricia, Llaneza González Miguel Ángel
Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
BMC Neurol. 2025 Mar 5;25(1):85. doi: 10.1186/s12883-025-04108-5.
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Studies conducted in recent years point to an increase in its prevalence and a change in the age profile of patients. This study aims to analyse the prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis in healthcare district IV of the region of Asturias, in north-western Spain.
We conducted a retrospective epidemiological study of the population of said healthcare district with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis according to the 2017 McDonald criteria. The prevalence of the disease was calculated cross-sectionally (prevalence date: December 31, 2022), while the incidence was determined retrospectively over a six-year period, from 2017 to 2022. We gathered data from the registries and databases of the tertiary hospital in healthcare district IV, and from one private hospital. Relevant demographic and clinical data were gathered from electronic records.
The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the population studied was 198 cases per 100 000 population. The incidence of multiple sclerosis during the study period (2017-2022) was 6.6 cases per 100 000 person-years. On the prevalence date, 66.5% of patients were women and 82.4% presented relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mean age was 33.98 years at symptom onset and 50.84 years on the prevalence date.
Asturias currently presents the highest multiple sclerosis prevalence rate in Spain; the estimated rate represents an increase with respect to those reported in studies conducted in the same region in the 1990s.
多发性硬化症是一种中枢神经系统的炎性脱髓鞘自身免疫性疾病。近年来的研究表明其患病率有所上升，且患者年龄分布发生了变化。本研究旨在分析西班牙西北部阿斯图里亚斯地区第四医疗区多发性硬化症的患病率和发病率。
我们对该医疗区符合2017年麦克唐纳标准诊断为多发性硬化症的人群进行了回顾性流行病学研究。疾病患病率采用横断面计算（患病率日期：2022年12月31日），而发病率则回顾性确定为2017年至2022年的六年期间。我们从第四医疗区三级医院以及一家私立医院的登记处和数据库收集数据。相关人口统计学和临床数据从电子记录中收集。
研究人群中多发性硬化症的患病率为每10万人198例。研究期间（2017 - 2022年）多发性硬化症的发病率为每10万人年6.6例。在患病率日期，66.5%的患者为女性，82.4%表现为复发缓解型多发性硬化症。症状出现时的平均年龄为33.98岁，在患病率日期时为50.84岁。
阿斯图里亚斯目前是西班牙多发性硬化症患病率最高的地区；估计患病率相较于20世纪90年代在同一地区进行的研究所报告的患病率有所增加。
