García Guadalupe, Ahluwalia Jasjit, Candal-Pedreira Cristina, Teijeiro Ana, Rey-Brandariz Julia, Guerra-Tort Carla, Mourino Nerea, Casal-Acción Beatriz, Varela-Lema Leonor, Pérez-Ríos Mónica
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Brown University School of Public Health and Alpert Medical School, Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Providence, (RI), USA.
Public Health. 2025 May;242:117-123. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2025.02.035. Epub 2025 Mar 8.
Energy drinks (ED), which contain high levels of caffeine, are widely popular and their consumption is increasing, especially among young people who may have limited understanding of the associated risks. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of ED consumption in North America (Canada, Mexico and the US) and to characterise ED consumers.
Systematic review.
A systematic review of studies estimating the prevalence of ED consumption was conducted. The characteristics of the studies, populations included, consumption assessment and prevalence of consumption were recorded. Study quality was evaluated using an adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A descriptive analysis of the results was performed.
In total, 91 studies conducted in North America were included. All studies were of low to moderate quality. The prevalence of ED consumption was assessed using different temporalities in different studies, which made it impossible to reach a conclusion about the prevalence in North America. Across all populations and temporalities, a considerable range of ED prevalence was observed. It is noteworthy that in studies of university students, weekly ED consumptions >60 % were reported. ED consumption was associated with being male and the co-consumption of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana or cannabis.
Results show that ED consumption was highly heterogeneous and widely prevalent, especially among younger populations. This review provides information to help guide and design appropriate public health measures and strategies.
能量饮料（ED）含有高浓度咖啡因，广受欢迎且消费量不断增加，尤其是在可能对相关风险了解有限的年轻人中。本研究的目的是确定北美（加拿大、墨西哥和美国）能量饮料的消费流行率，并描述能量饮料消费者的特征。
系统评价。
对估计能量饮料消费流行率的研究进行系统评价。记录研究的特征、纳入的人群、消费评估和消费流行率。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表的改编版评估研究质量。对结果进行描述性分析。
总共纳入了在北美进行的91项研究。所有研究质量均为低到中等。不同研究使用不同时间范围评估能量饮料的消费流行率，因此无法得出北美地区能量饮料消费流行率的结论。在所有人群和时间范围内，观察到能量饮料的消费流行率范围相当大。值得注意的是，在大学生研究中，报告每周能量饮料消费量>60%。能量饮料消费与男性以及同时饮酒、吸烟和使用大麻有关。
结果表明，能量饮料的消费情况高度异质且广泛流行，尤其是在年轻人群中。本综述提供了信息，有助于指导和设计适当的公共卫生措施和策略。
