Qin Xi, Sun Yunyun, Wang Shana, Xie Xiaolan, Gao Lei, Li Huijian, Wei Ruihua, Fu Jing, Zhu Bidan
Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China.
Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Feb 7;12:1510124. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1510124. eCollection 2025.
The high myopia prevalence in young East Asian children necessitates early detection and prevention strategies. Axial length (AL), corneal radius of curvature (CR), and the AL to CR ratio (AL/CR) are potential myopia biomarkers. However, the influence of genetic, growth and development, and environmental factors on these metrics in Chinese preschool children remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of these factors on the AL, CR, and AL/CR ratio in children aged 3-6 years in Beijing.
In this 3-month study, initiated in November 2021, children aged 3-6 years from nine kindergartens in Beijing were randomly selected for ocular biological parameter measurements. The height and weight of each child were measured, and their parents completed a questionnaire on parental myopia and environmental influences. The AL/CR ratio were calculated. One-way analysis of variance, univariate analysis, and multiple linear regression models (with age, sex, height, weight, parental myopia, continuous near-work time, electronic products use, and outdoor activity time as variables) were used to compare the effects of different variables on the AL, CR, and AL/CR ratio.
Overall, 1,353 participants (708 boys; mean age, 4.37 ± 0.82 years) were included in this study. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that parental myopia significantly increased the AL and AL/CR ratio ( = 0.002, < 0.001). Male participants had a longer AL, larger CR, and greater AL/CR ratio than female participants (all < 0.001). A longer AL and larger CR were associated with greater height (both < 0.001). The AL/CR ratio increased with age ( < 0.001). The CR was positively associated with the amount of time spent outdoors ( = 0.004).
Ocular biological parameters are influenced by genetic, growth and development, and environmental factors. Among children aged 3-6 years in Beijing, monitoring growth and development, investigating parental myopia, and evaluating eye habits have certain guiding significance for delaying increases in the AL and AL/CR ratio. This study may provide some suggestions for the development of healthy eye habits.
东亚儿童中高度近视的高患病率使得早期检测和预防策略成为必要。眼轴长度（AL）、角膜曲率半径（CR）以及AL与CR的比值（AL/CR）是潜在的近视生物标志物。然而，遗传、生长发育和环境因素对中国学龄前儿童这些指标的影响仍不明确。因此，本研究旨在调查这些因素对北京3至6岁儿童的AL、CR和AL/CR比值的影响。
在这项于2021年11月启动的为期3个月的研究中，从北京9所幼儿园随机选取3至6岁的儿童进行眼部生物参数测量。测量每个儿童的身高和体重，其父母完成一份关于父母近视和环境影响的问卷。计算AL/CR比值。采用单因素方差分析、单变量分析和多元线性回归模型（以年龄、性别、身高、体重、父母近视、持续近距离工作时间、电子产品使用时间和户外活动时间为变量）来比较不同变量对AL、CR和AL/CR比值的影响。
本研究共纳入1353名参与者（708名男孩；平均年龄4.37±0.82岁）。多元线性回归分析显示，父母近视显著增加了AL和AL/CR比值（β = 0.002，P < 0.001）。男性参与者的AL更长、CR更大、AL/CR比值更高，均高于女性参与者（均P < 0.001）。AL更长和CR更大与身高更高相关（均P < 0.001）。AL/CR比值随年龄增加（P < 0.001）。CR与户外活动时间呈正相关（β = 0.004）。
眼部生物参数受遗传、生长发育和环境因素影响。在北京3至6岁的儿童中，监测生长发育、调查父母近视以及评估用眼习惯对于延缓AL和AL/CR比值的增加具有一定的指导意义。本研究可能为养成健康的用眼习惯提供一些建议。
