Taiwo Adewale M, Coker Adediran O
Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State PMB 2240, Nigeria.
Toxicol Rep. 2025 Feb 20;14:101970. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101970. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Public pipe-borne water serves as a significant source of potable water in some communities in Abeokuta. However, the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) at certain concentrations in drinking water can render it unsuitable for consumption due to associated health risks. This study assessed the health risks posed by PTEs in public pipe-borne water collected from ten households in six communities in Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria. Pipe-borne water samples were subjected to PTE (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) analysis using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, following standard digestion procedures for the water samples. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The health risk assessment was conducted for the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Cancer Risk (CR) using the USEPA IRIS models. The water quality index (WQI) was also evaluated. Results indicated varying levels of PTEs, with certain areas exceeding the permissible limits for Cd (0.01-0.02 mg/L), Cr (0.05-0.11 mg/L), and Pb (0.50-0.97 mg/L), posing significant health risks to humans. The health risk assessment revealed that the HQ for Cd, Cr, and Pb exceeded the permissible limit of 1.0 in pipe-borne water consumed by children and infants, indicating potential adverse effects. Additionally, the CR values for Cd, Cr, and Pb in water samples consumed by all age groups also surpassed the permissible limit of 1.0 × 10, suggesting a probable risk of cancer development. The WQIs exceeding the threshold limit of 300 were observed in pipe-borne water samples, indicating that the water is unfit for consumption. Therefore, this study recommends the removal of potential toxic elements at the point of collection by using taps fitted with activated carbon filters.
在阿贝奥库塔的一些社区，公共管道供水是饮用水的重要来源。然而，饮用水中某些浓度的潜在有毒元素（PTEs）由于相关的健康风险可能使其不适于饮用。本研究评估了从尼日利亚西南部阿贝奥库塔六个社区的十户家庭采集的公共管道供水中PTEs所带来的健康风险。按照水样的标准消解程序，使用原子吸收分光光度计对管道供水样本进行PTEs（铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）和锌（Zn））分析。使用描述性和推断性统计方法对收集的数据进行分析。使用美国环境保护局（USEPA）综合风险信息系统（IRIS）模型对危害商（HQ）和癌症风险（CR）进行健康风险评估。还评估了水质指数（WQI）。结果表明PTEs含量各不相同，某些地区的镉（0.01 - 0.02mg/L）、铬（0.05 - 0.11mg/L）和铅（0.50 - 0.97mg/L）超过了允许限值，对人类构成重大健康风险。健康风险评估显示，儿童和婴儿饮用的管道供水中镉、铬和铅的HQ超过了允许限值1.0，表明存在潜在不利影响。此外，所有年龄组饮用的水样中镉、铬和铅的CR值也超过了允许限值1.0×10，表明可能有患癌风险。在管道供水样本中观察到WQIs超过了阈值300，表明该水不适于饮用。因此，本研究建议在取水点使用装有活性炭过滤器的水龙头去除潜在有毒元素。
