Advances in the study of depression and anxiety in Parkinson's disease: A review.

Motor symptoms are central to diagnosing Parkinson's disease (PD), but depression and anxiety significantly impact the prognosis and course of PD. For many PD patients, these mental health issues may be the most crucial determinants of quality of life. This study uses an interdisciplinary approach to provide an in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies for depression and anxiety in PD, incorporating neuroscience, psychiatry, and psychology. It aims to offer theoretical support for developing personalized medicine and precise treatments, as well as insights into future research directions. The objective of this study was to systematically sort out the research progress of PD with depression and anxiety and to provide a basis for clinical optimization of treatment strategies. Extensive searches of relevant domestic and international databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, etc., were conducted to screen the high-quality research literature on the treatment of PD depression and anxiety in the last decade and to conduct comprehensive analyses and generalizations. Pharmacological treatments, including 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitors, norepinephrine system agents, and dopamine agonists, showed some efficacy but with individual differences and side effects. Psychotherapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and group counseling improved patient mood. Neuromodulation techniques like deep brain stimulation also showed promise in refractory cases. The combined application of multiple therapeutic approaches shows good prospects in the treatment of depression and anxiety in PD, but in-depth studies are still needed to determine the optimal treatment plan while focusing on individual patient differences to achieve precise treatment.